The guide provides information about a series of instructional materials for teaching Indonesian as a second language. The materials consist of audio recordings from Sanggar Prathivi, a Christian educational radio station in Jakarta (Indonesia), and scripts from the programs contained on diskettes (recordings and diskettes not included here). Two…

In four experiments studying the think-aloud method, two first-year and two fifth-year students of translation were asked to produce a written translation from English into Finnish. This paper discusses the differences in how the two levels of students used various sorts of reference material. The fifth-year students proved to be very skillful and…

A study explored the reliability of methods for analyzing the thematic organization of texts. Five linguists, two of whom were native speakers of Swedish and three of whom were native speakers of Finnish, analyzed the thematic organization of a Swedish popular scientific article, using an analysis that focused on coherence reflected in the…

The importance of peer collaboration in the classroom while developing a reflective dialog outside of the classroom is explained. A peer is any person with expertise in the language or geographical area that is pertinent to class goals and activities. For example, instructors of French might consider people from France and other Francophone…

The relationship between language, thought, and concept formation has been a central issue in many studies and theoretical discussions in various domains--philosophy, psychology, anthropology, and linguistics. The relation between language and concept development can be framed as two opposing questions: (1) Does the child learn concepts first and…

This booklet is a basic introduction to the people, history, and culture of Bosnia (a republic of the former Yugoslavia), with a particular focus on Bosnian Moslems. The booklet is designed primarily for American service providers and sponsors. Particular sections address the following: the Bosnian people; geography; history; educational and…

A mounting degree of language contact between the linguistically related varieties of Frisian and Dutch might undermine the structural integrity of Frisian. Focusing on the suffixation paradigm, this study explores how and to what extent this is occurring. Data gathered for this research is part of a larger project concerning Frisian as a first…

A history of the teaching of Hebrew to adults chronicles both the role of Hebrew as a unifying force among Jewish people around the world and efforts to improve the effectiveness of instruction. It is proposed that the rebirth of Hebrew has been due to substantial work, and contributed to the language's expansion from a holy to a literary and…

Beginning Pashto is part of a set of materials for teaching oral and written Afghan Pashto. The Pashto writing system is taught in the first unit of the book and is used in the presentation of the material from then on. In the first three units, material is provided also in a romanized transcription. After that, the transcription of a word or…

Based on a review of research, the most common syntactic errors made by native Arabic-speaking learners of English as a second language are discussed. Seven categories of error are distinguished and described: verbal errors (use of tense, phase, aspect, voice, verb formation, concord, finite/non-finite verbs); relative clauses (interlingual and…

Differences in the English and Brazilian Portuguese (BP) phonological systems that may lead to a slight accent in Brazilian learners of English as a Second Language (ESL) are examined. Segmental and suprasegmental features of the two systems are compared and contrasted, noting areas in which ESL learners may tend to substitute a BP segment for a…

Designed for continued language learning beyond the intermediate level, this workbook provides practice and sets of exercises for improving speaking and listening skills in Bulgarian through class participation and discussion, and reading and writing. The book includes grammar explanations, news reports, brief biographies of prominent Bulgarians,…

A discussion of bilingual education in the Basque Country of Spain presents and compares three language education program/policy models: (1) the traditional approach to language instruction as a subject area, found to be minimally effective in developing second language skills; (2) partial immersion, originally with instruction almost exclusively…

Indigenous languages are under siege, not only in the United States but also around the world, in danger of disappearing because they are not being transmitted to the next generation. Immigrants and their languages worldwide are similarly subject to seemingly irresistible social, political, and economic pressures. Yet, at a time when phrases such…

The extent to which Finnish textbooks pay sufficient attention to pronunciation in English language courses is discussed, including decisions on the choice of accent (e.g., British or American English). Other issues include the choice of phonetic symbols, keys to the symbols, segmental sounds that reveal personality, weak forms, and elision and…