In five picture-word interference experiments, this article explores the gender-congruity effect in Dutch in two languages, Spanish and Catalan. Performance was not affected by the relationship between the gender of the picture and the gender of the word. Results show that the gender-congruity effect is not a universal effect, but varies from…

Indigenous languages are being displaced at an alarming rate. The ramifications of language loss to the speakers' culture and to the wider culture, and its connection to issues of repression and acculturation are discussed. Reversing language shift is the practice of social justice and requires collaboration between indigenous communities and…

Using a case study account of features of the zone of proximal development in language teaching and learning, this study analyzed 95 exchanges in interactive dialogue journals written over 10 months between a 6-year-old Farsi speaker beginning to learn English from his Canadian teacher. Suggests the value of analyzing language learning and…

Examines the national language question in Morocco and the Moroccan government's development of an elaborate multisector language policy, which has particular significance for the education system. The policy aims at promoting Arabic as the language of literacy and wider communication. The background and implications of this policy are discussed.…

Examines ongoing language reform work in Uzbekistan to see what principles and attitudes Uzbek language policy is based on and what impact it may have on the language situation in the country as a whole. (Author/JL)

Describes Mozambique's recent experiment in bilingual education that utilized two Bantu languages in transitional programs for lower primary schooling. The program offered an alternative to exclusive Portuguese, a foreign language for 98% of Mozambicans. Evaluations suggest students benefited greatly from use of the mother tongue in terms of…

Provides the results of a survey of Irish language instructors at tertiary level institutions in the United States. Identifies the Irish textbooks in use, assesses students' needs and goals, and refers to research articles involving syllabus design. Data from the survey provides rich data that will serve to inform future textbook designers.…

Investigates writing skills in English (the second language) and Arabic (the native language) to see whether there is an association between poor writing across languages. Data were collected from 150 students who wrote on the same topic in English and Arabic. Confirms that poor writing in English correlates with similar deficiencies in Arabic.…

Data are presented on the development of tests of reading skill for primary school pupils in rural Tanzania. Instruction in these schools is in Kiswahili, a regularly spelled language. Three graded tests were developed to test children who had only some letter knowledge, could read single words, or were proficient readers. The tests correlated…

Analyzed the development of two morphological structures in Hebrew, one inflectional and the other derivational, and examined the mutual contribution of morphological knowledge and learning the written code. In a longitudinal design, 40 children were tested twice on two oral tasks--inflecting nouns for possession and deriving denominal…

Examines the linguistic situation in Kenya and the teaching of Kiswahili in Kenyan schools. While there is widespread support for the school program, there are major problems to be overcome, particularly in the areas of language attitudes, teacher training, and course materials. (Author/VWL)

In Paraguay, a majority of the population speaks Guarani, an indigenous language. Guarani is a co-official language along with Spanish and bilingual education has been implemented. Despite these positive measures, literacy education in Guarani is limited to urban areas. The challenge is how to find the political will and economic resources to…

Mi'kmaq is a First Nations language spoken in Atlantic Canada and the north-eastern United States--and like most surviving indigenous languages in North America, it is at risk. The small community of Wagmatcook, Cape Breton, determined to see Mi'kmaq return from the brink of extinction, has implemented 2 initiatives that are changing the fate of…

This article examines the relationship between group and individual patterns of variation in one area of the grammar: verbal morphology. The results of studies of the acquisition of English and Hungarian verbal morphology by Chinese learners show that individual patterns of variation closely match group patterns on several dimensions. Multivariate…

This article reports on an introspective study that examined the relationship between first language L1; Farsi lexicalization of the concepts represented by the second language L2; English target words and learners' inferencing behavior while reading English texts. Participants were 20 Farsi-speaking university students of English as a foreign…