To score an essay response, raters draw on previously trained skills and knowledge about the underlying rubric and score criterion. Cognitive processes such as remembering, forgetting, and skill decay likely influence rater performance. To investigate how forgetting influences scoring, we evaluated raters' scoring accuracy on TOEFL and GRE essays.…

Vocabulary mastery is critical to English as Foreign Language students. Mobile technologies enable students to learn vocabulary without space and time limitations. However, existing mobile-assisted vocabulary learning research often employed teacher-directed activities that increased instructors' workload, undermined student motivation or targeted…

The current study aims to investigate learning difficulties in L3 German experienced by the Turkish undergraduate students. The target group involved 29 students from three academic programs at a state university in Turkey: Travel Management and Tourist Guiding, Tourism and Hotel Management and Aviation Management. In the study, semi-structured…

This article reviews a purposive sample of 16 doctoral dissertations in second language (L2) education, completed between 2014 and 2018 and published in German, in Germany. Among the 103 relevant dissertations found from this period, a total of 12 thematic strands were identified, of which five were chosen as being particularly common and thus…

With the shift from negative psychology to positive psychology in the field of applied linguistics, and in alignment with the dynamic turn in this filed, recent studies have tried to micro-map foreign language classroom anxiety (FLCA) and foreign language enjoyment (FLE) from a dynamic perspective. However, the signature dynamics of learners'…

Fun games can generate a flow experience for players, and further increase their willingness to continue gameplay. However, an important issue that has long concerned educators and game developers is how to incorporate learning subjects into games and achieve the goal of learning through play. This study designed an English blockade-running game…

In recent years, educators have started to use innovative pedagogies in response to the changing trends of language learning towards developing great proficiency, as the conventional approaches could no longer improve proficiency due to the interactive nature of language skills. Therefore, it is believed that the Flipped Learning (FL) approach, as…

The present study investigated the association between vocabulary size and depth of Iranian EFL learners at different language proficiency levels. Additionally, the extent that this relationship could be different for low-and high-word-frequency bands was probed. In so doing, the Word Associates Test (WAT), the Vocabulary Levels Test (VLT), the…

I analyze data from a one-year study of plurilingualism across the disciplines in Canadian higher education. I focus on how instructors in different disciplines understand their students' plurilingual practices and how they respond pedagogically to teaching in linguistically diverse classes. I employ the theoretical lenses of plurilingualism and…

Addressing language learning motivation, Dörnyei's second language (L2) Motivational Self-system (L2MSS) theory consists of three components: (1) "Ideal L2" self which refers to all the language-related characteristics a person wishes to have in the future, (2) "Ought-to L2 self" which concerns the language-related attributes…

Usage of definite and indefinite articles is known to vary across different varieties of English, especially in the outer circle. As a semantic/pragmatic category, definiteness is notoriously slippery to define -- is it uniqueness, familiarity, inclusiveness or identifiability? Literature has shown that the lack of an agreed definition can…

Phenomenological reflection can refer to methods for analyzing empirical data and, more broadly, to a guiding philosophy that can be used to facilitate reflection upon an experience or phenomenon. Such reflection can help to uncover assumptions that would otherwise remain implicit or taken for granted. Common practice in phenomenology is to gather…

The notion of English as a multilingua franca (EMF) positions English within multilingualism, and EMF awareness prepares students to communicate effectively in this multilingual world of mobility. The present paper explores how, if ever, EMF-aware pedagogic intervention influences Japanese students' perceptions of their communicative practices,…

Dyslexia is a global issue. It encompasses a range of language and literacy cultures with many variations regarding definitions, diagnostic measures, regulations, policies, and support procedures for dyslexic students. Considerable progress has been made in the field of monolingual dyslexia, but now there is growing interest in the multilingual,…

In this study, it is aimed to determine whether the self-efficacy of the 5th grade students related to the acquisitions in the English course differentiates their academic achievements, to examine whether there is a significant relationship between their self-efficacy and their academic achievements, and to determine whether this relationship…