Reviews concepts of aptitude and aptitude-treatment interaction (ATI) and summarizes lessons learned in ATI research on educational treatments to help ATI research on psychotherapeutic treatments. Research design and data analysis recommendations address aptitude distributions, multivariate aptitude complexes, detective work with scatterplots,…

Examined (1) the possibility that children organize general statements into meaningful and consistent psychological concepts of themselves; (2) individual differences revealed in these concepts; (3) the possibility that these differences show stability over a one-month period. (PCB)

The effective teaching literature is reviewed in relation to selected approaches to individualization of instruction with handicapped children. The instructional setting, as a salient variable in instructional adaptations for individual differences, is questioned. Educators are encouraged to emphasize the function, not the form, of instructional…

Educators have three approaches to learning styles: focusing on the individual, using comprehensive models to adapt instruction to major learning differences, and identifying key elements of an individual's learning style and matching instruction and materials to these differences. One controversial aspect of learning styles is the use of…

An associate law professor recounts the incompatibility of his own professors' analytical teaching methods with her dynamic learning mode. Since learning the 4MAT principles, she has used alternative approaches to help law students move from experiential learning to abstract thought, to practical theory applications, and to development of new…

Discusses the strategies that a child might employ during the one-word stage in constructing an early lexicon. An attempt is made to shed light on some strategies by analyzing the lexical and phonological development of two children who seem to take opposite approaches. (Author/JL)

In a laboratory procedure, 66 infants of 12 months were given happy, fearful, and conflicting emotional signals by their mothers and fathers with reference to five unusual toy stimuli. There were marked differences among infants in their capacity for and style of coping with conflict. A variety of specific responses to conflict were observed. (RH)

Although educators seem reluctant to integrate sex into the curriculum, covert sexual instruction comprises a large part of the hidden curriculum and ambience of any junior or high school. When presenting heterosexual mechanics, most health classes bypass homosexuality, safer sex practices, abortion ethics, and birth control methods. Honest…

Study of 119 counseling psychologists revealed that counselor individual differences in cognitive complexity, but not preferences for client problems, moderated cognitive processes that lead to bias in clinical judgment. Counseling psychologists with lower cognitive complexity were more likely to form biased clinical judgments than were those with…

Tests with 2 pairs of tasks differing in cognitive complexity performed by 20 young and 20 old adults support a model for the determination of time-accuracy functions (TAFs) for individual participants. Findings replicate the established interactions between age and task complexity in the context of TAFs. (SLD)

Examined data from 140 persons with spinal cord injury (SCI) to determine vocational status of persons with SCI living in the community. Of participants, 27% were employed, with 35% in unpaid productive activities, and 38% unemployed. Sex, ethnicity, education, and disability were statistically significant correlates of vocational status.…

The emerging approach to talent development differs from traditional gifted education in several ways. Instead of stressing acceleration or enrichment, the Levels of Service model blends many services and activities with other school activities to respond to students' individual talents, strengths, and sustained interests. Teachers do not compete…

Individual differences in responsibility may be observed in a doctoral candidate's assumption of responsibility for completing the doctoral dissertation. Responses to the Responsibility Scale by 142 doctoral graduates and 97 nongraduates (all but dissertation) show that two factors underlie responses to the scale. Appendix contains the…

Explores the primary deputy head's role, focusing on the deputy/head interrelationship, based on interviews with administrators of 10 (British) primary schools. Identifies factors influencing this interrelationship, highlighting partner similarities and the use of complementarity, compensation, tolerance, acceptance, and accommodation to handle…

The employment status of 384 college graduates was measured at graduation and four months later. Job-search self-efficacy predicted preparatory and active job search and its intensity, as well as employment status at graduation. Preparatory job-search behavior predicted employment status after four months. (SK)