Developed instrument to represent knowledge standards in rehabilitation counseling certification/accreditation and identify new knowledge areas. Findings from 1,025 counselors revealed these domains: vocational counseling/consultative services; medical/psychosocial aspects of disability; individual/group counseling; program evaluation/research;…

Shows that, under conditions of high involvement, newspaper use correlated more strongly with knowledge than did television news use; and under conditions of low involvement, newspaper use did not correlate more strongly with knowledge than did television news use. Finds contrary results among survey respondents who held extreme attitudes on the…

Explores the meaning of understanding and the importance of teaching for understanding. Typical classrooms do not give sufficient presence to thoughtful engagement in understanding performance. How to teach for learning is reviewed, focusing on both teaching and assessment. The need for generative knowledge is discussed. (SLD)

Responses of 100 mental health and mental retardation professionals to a questionnaire concerning the concept of age appropriateness in services for people with mental retardation showed that, although most respondents believed in the concept's importance in treatment success, they differed on definitions and applications of the concept. (DB)

Argues that because of the prevalence of media in life, teachers should be as competent in the use of image and media as they are with oral and written language. Discusses how the Geneva (Switzerland) Department of Public Instruction is dealing with a perceived teacher-knowledge gap by offering a one-year media-education course. (PEN)

Discusses and gives a view of the categories of native Hawaiian epistemology: (1) spirituality and knowing; (2) the cultural nature of the senses and expanding notions of empiricism; (3) relationship and knowledge; (4) utility and knowledge; (5) words and knowledge; and (6) the body/mind question. Educational implications are discussed. (SLD)

Examined 18-month olds' intermodal and verbal knowledge about gender. Presented photos of adults or children paired with a female or male voice, or with gender labels. With adult pictures, subjects spent more time looking at pictures with matching voices than at those with mismatched voices. With children's pictures, subjects failed to match faces…

Illustrates three concepts central to responsible citizenship in the information society: information literacy is the basest set of skills and concepts that all citizens must attain to be functionally competent; information seeking is a basic human process; and information science is an emerging interdisciplinary field that invents new systems…

Analyzes intelligence tests as items of symbolic culture. Test takers often do not share the presuppositions about values, knowledge, and communication implicitly assumed by the test. Suggestions are offered to detect, correct, and avoid the cross-cultural misunderstandings that undermine the validity of such tests. (MMU)

Proposes that the field of counselor supervision is in a recursive process of knowledge development including theory exploration, theory testing, theory enhancement, and theory transformation. This development will assist counselor supervisors to synthesize multiple perspectives and options so that they can better meet the challenges of an…

Explores the issues involved in integrating the spiritual dimension into traditional counselor education by creating a joint community and addictions-counseling master's program based on a hybrid of the wounded-healer and wellness models. Presents a theoretical discussion of the model. Describes an experimental master's program based on the model.…

Examined relationship between children's ability to infer the veracity of an adult's statement and the adult's informedness. Found that children tended to believe utterances from speakers who were better informed than they themselves were and to disbelieve less well-informed speakers, with no age-related differences. Children gave explicit…

Studied the effects of the location (community-based or hospital-based) and the structure of an ambulatory clerkship for medical students on cognitive knowledge and clinical performance. Results from 176 students suggest that something about the rotational structure of the multidisciplinary ambulatory clerkship does affect clinical ratings of…

Examines how children (ages 6-7 and 10-11) interpret and respond to representations of sexual behavior on television and how they define what is appropriate for themselves and for children in general. Examines, through discourse analysis, how children's discussions of these issues serve as a form of "identity work," through which they…

Links the literatures on human abilities and expertise, suggesting that human abilities are a form of developing expertise. Discusses the role of tests in a scheme that regards abilities as developing expertise and presents a model that implies a shift toward practice grounded in the development of knowledge-based expertise in all children.…