Objective: Executive Function (EF) is thought to be a core component of various cognitive processes. Two common ways to measure EF are through report-based measures that assess EF by collecting informant(s) reports on children's behaviors, and performance-based measures that assess EF through the completion of a task related to EF dimension(s).…

Children with autism spectrum disorder often demonstrate self-regulation challenges and academic difficulties. Although self-regulation has been well documented as an important factor for academic achievement in neurotypical children, little is known about how it is related to academic learning in autistic children, especially during preschool, a…

Since adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) seem highly prevalent for students with EBD, it is important to understand how ACEs are related to their severe internalizing problems and externalizing problems. In this study, we assessed the mediating role of post traumatic stress (PTSD) symptoms and executive functioning (EF) in the potential…

Background: Adults with intellectual disability, especially those with Down syndrome, are at increased risk of dementia. Whilst memory decline is often considered the earliest symptom, emerging research indicates decline in language, executive function, and non-cognitive domains may also occur early, potentially before memory changes. Method: A…

Giving practitioners a voice is essential in developing intervention programs that are adapted to educator and child needs. We aimed to do so by involving educators in the codesign of an intervention supporting early mathematical and executive development, to maximize feasibility and implementation quality. N = 100 educators, N = 24 Early Years…

Executive functions (EF) have been identified as important predictors of children's proximal and distal development. Recent research highlights pretend play as a potential mechanism for EF development, and there has been a call to identify for whom pretense in most beneficial. The current study investigated whether an association found between…

Longitudinal associations between signaled night awakening and executive functioning (EF) at 8 and 24 months in children with ([greater than or equal to] 3 awakenings, n = 77) and without parent-rated fragmented sleep ([less than or equal to] 1 awakening, n = 69) were studied. EF was assessed with the Switch task at 8 and 24 months. At 24 months,…

Previous meta-analyses highlight the role of executive functions (EF), encompassing working memory updating, task-switching, and inhibitory control, in reading comprehension, but have not established their role in decoding. Decoding is defined as the use of orthographic patterns to access oral pronunciations. According to the dual route model,…

Background: Right hemisphere brain damage (RHD) can cause challenges with information gathering. Cognitive processes aid in implicit and explicit information gathering, yet the relationship between these processes and question-asking, the most explicit avenue of information gathering, has not been explored. The purpose of this exploratory…

A theoretical distinction exists between the cool and hot aspects of executive function (EF). At the neural level, cool EF may be associated with activation in the lateral prefrontal cortex and the anterior cingulate cortex, whereas the orbitofrontal cortex may play a key role in hot EF. However, some recent studies have shown that young children…

Empathy is crucial for our social life, with evidences suggesting that executive function is the cognitive basis of empathy. However, debates about the causal relationship between executive function and empathy still exist. A two-wave and one-year longitudinal follow-up experiment is conducted to investigate this problem, mainly focusing on…

This study examined the associations between executive functions, gender and personality traits in students with and without specific learning disabilities (SLD). In this study, 80 sixth-grade students were sampled. Of these, 40 were students diagnosed with learning disabilities, 22 boys (55%) and 18 girls (45%) and 40 with no such diagnosis, 23…

The NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) was developed for epidemiological and longitudinal studies across a wide age span. Such a tool may be useful for intervention trials in conditions characterized by intellectual disability (ID), such as Williams syndrome (WS). Three NIHTB-CB tasks, including two executive functioning (Flanker,…

This article discusses the role of the three components of executive functions (EF) in geometric understanding. Discussing several examples of geometry problems, this article shows how EF are actively employed to solve geometry problems. Inhibition as the first component of EF helps the individual to suppress contextually irrelevant information.…

The development of written expression includes transcription, text generation, and executive functions (including planning) interacting within working memory. However, executive functions are not formally measured in school-based written expression tasks, although there is an opportunity for examining students' advance planning--a key…