STEM education researchers are well aware of the need for increased access and inclusivity in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) education for students from culturally and linguistically diverse (CLD) backgrounds. One of the many barriers for students from underserved cultural and linguistic groups is the difficulty of…

Younger children's free recall from episodic memory is typically less organized than recall by older children. To investigate if and how repeated learning opportunities help children use organizational strategies that improve recall, the authors analyzed category clustering across four study-test cycles. Seven-year-olds, 10-year-olds, and young…

Based on Messick's (1995) framework of construct validity and responses from 521 teachers in the United States and 580 teachers in China, this study provided evidence of the generalizability aspect of construct validity for the "Classroom Appraisal of Resources and Demands" (CARD) questionnaire originally developed in the United States.…

Young children often struggle to answer the question "what would have happened?" particularly in cases where the adult-like "correct" answer has the same outcome as the event that actually occurred. Previous work has assumed that children fail because they cannot engage in accurate counterfactual simulations. Children have…

Purpose: The aims of this study were to classify, identify and follow-up young swimmers' performance and its biomechanical determinants during two competitive seasons (in seven different moments of assessment--M), and analyze the individual variations of each swimmer. Method: Thirty young swimmers (14 boys: 12.70 ± 0.63 years-old; 16 girls:…

The aim of this study is to investigate prospective teachers' environmental education self-efficacy in terms of various variables. Survey method was applied in the study, and the data were collected in the 2015-2016 academic year. The study group of the paper consisted of 172 prospective teachers from each grade level who are studying in Social…

The oxytocin system may be different in autistic people, which could explain some of the deficits in social behavior and cognition associated with autism spectrum disorder. However, studies comparing oxytocin levels in autistic and neurotypical individuals have shown conflicting results and a 2016 meta-analysis on seven studies concluded that…

This paper uses a newly discovered data set on examination results by gender from 1913 to 1986 to show that the gender gap in examinations at the University of Oxford has existed for over a century. We show that after declining for almost 70 years the gender gap in Firsts increased significantly after the introduction of coresidence -- the…

Purpose: The larynx is a uniquely situated organ, juxtaposed between the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts, and endures considerable immunological challenges while providing reflexogenic responses via putative mucosal mechanoreceptor afferents. Laryngeal afferents mediate precise monitoring of sensory events by relay to the internal branch…

Purpose: The primary aim of the current study is to identify whether there is a significant difference between students' academic achievements and the matching of students' learning styles to the teaching styles of their instructors. Research Methods: This research was designed as a survey study and employing the quantitative research methodology.…

Purpose: Recent studies have shown that many children who stutter may have elevated characteristics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Although childhood ADHD commonly persists into adulthood, it is unclear how many adults who stutter experience aspects of ADHD (e.g., inattention or hyperactivity/impulsivity). This study sought to…

Are young children just random explorers who learn serendipitously? Or are even young children guided by uncertainty-directed sampling, seeking to explore in a systematic fashion? We study how children between the ages of 4 and 9 search in an explore-exploit task with spatially correlated rewards, where exhaustive exploration is infeasible and not…

Research suggests that forcing participants to withhold responding for as brief as 600 ms eliminates one of the most reliable findings in prospective memory (PM): the cue focality effect. This result undermines the conventional view that controlled attentional monitoring processes support PM, and instead suggests that cue detection results from…

This study aimed to examine the multiple intelligences among the ninth-grade students in the North Al Batinah Governorate in the Sultanate of Oman. The study sample contained 112 randomly selected students. For the purposes of this study, the researchers designed two multiple intelligences scales, consisting of the eight types of intelligences:…

Autonomy has been an important trait that marks the transition from childhood to adolescence. This study examines the effectiveness of the use of an autonomous learning component in outdoor programs, the final expedition, in enhancing youth autonomy in outdoor programs. This study used a mixed-method quantitative and qualitative research design to…