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Peer reviewed
Direct linkFinkbeiner, Matthew; Caramazza, Alfonso – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, 2008
The authors report a series of experiments in which they use the masked congruence priming paradigm to investigate the processing of masked primes in the manual and verbal response modalities. In the manual response modality, they found that masked incongruent primes produced interference relative to both congruent and neutral primes. This…
Descriptors: Behavior Patterns, Responses, Verbal Communication, Language Processing
Girotto, Vittorio; Gonzalez, Michael – Cognition, 2008
Do young children have a basic intuition of posterior probability? Do they update their decisions and judgments in the light of new evidence? We hypothesized that they can do so extensionally, by considering and counting the various ways in which an event may or may not occur. The results reported in this paper showed that from the age of five,…
Descriptors: Young Children, Probability, Comprehension, Cognitive Processes
Esbin, Howard B. – Education Canada, 2008
Children enter school brimming with imagination. They're masters of make believe and visualization, honed through five years of play. For the next decade, this essential cognitive faculty is benignly neglected by the institution called school. By comparison, the faculty of reason is explicitly and assiduously cultivated, reflecting the West's…
Descriptors: Imagination, Theory Practice Relationship, Cognitive Processes, Creativity
Hund, Alycia M.; Foster, Emily K. – Developmental Psychology, 2008
Two experiments examined the flexibility and stability with which children and adults organize locations into categories on the basis of object relatedness. Seven-, 9-, and 11-year-olds and adults learned the locations of 20 objects belonging to 4 categories. Displacement patterns revealed that children and adults used object cues to organize the…
Descriptors: Cues, Children, Adults, Experiments
Marsh, John E.; Vachon, Francois; Jones, Dylan M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2008
Typically, the phonological similarity between to-be-recalled items and TBI auditory stimuli has no impact if recall in serial order is required. However, in the present study, the authors have shown that the free recall, but not serial recall, of lists of phonologically related to-be-remembered items was disrupted by an irrelevant sound stream…
Descriptors: Auditory Stimuli, Recall (Psychology), Phonological Awareness, Cues
Janssen, Niels; Schirm, Walter; Mahon, Bradford Z.; Caramazza, Alfonso – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2008
In 2 experiments participants named pictures of common objects with superimposed distractor words. In one naming condition, the pictures and words were presented simultaneously on every trial, and participants produced the target response immediately. In the other naming condition, the presentation of the picture preceded the presentation of the…
Descriptors: Semantics, Cognitive Processes, Interference (Language), Pictorial Stimuli
Booth, Amy E. – Cognition, 2008
We asked whether infants are sensitive to causal relations between objects and outcomes and whether this sensitivity supports categorization. Fourteen- and 18-month-old infants were familiarized with objects from a novel category. For some, the objects caused an electronic toy to activate. For others, the objects were present during activation of…
Descriptors: Infants, Toys, Classification, Influences
Raymer, Anastasia M.; Beeson, Pelagie; Holland, Audrey; Kendall, Diane; Maher, Lynn M.; Martin, Nadine; Murray, Laura; Rose, Miranda; Thompson, Cynthia K.; Turkstra, Lyn; Altmann, Lori; Boyle, Mary; Conway, Tim; Hula, William; Kearns, Kevin; Rapp, Brenda; Simmons-Mackie, Nina; Gonzalez Rothi, Leslie J. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose: In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took place as part of the Workshop in Plasticity/NeuroRehabilitation Research at the University of Florida in April 2005. Method: In this narrative review, they define neuroplasticity and review studies that demonstrate neural changes associated with…
Descriptors: Investigations, Aphasia, Speech Therapy, Workshops
Lee, Chia-lin; Federmeier, Kara D. – Brain and Language, 2008
Electrophysiological techniques were used to assess the generalizability of concreteness effects on word processing across word class (nouns and verbs) and different types of lexical ambiguity (syntactic only and combined syntactic/semantic). The results replicated prior work in showing an enhanced N400 response and a sustained frontal negativity…
Descriptors: Semantics, Verbs, Nouns, Figurative Language
Reinke, Karen; Fernandes, Myra; Schwindt, Graeme; O'Craven, Kathleen; Grady, Cheryl L. – Brain and Language, 2008
The functional specificity of the brain region known as the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) was examined using fMRI. We explored whether this area serves a general role in processing symbolic stimuli, rather than being selective for the processing of words. Brain activity was measured during a visual 1-back task to English words, meaningful symbols…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Brain, Geometric Concepts, Cognitive Processes
Oppenheimer, Daniel M.; Frank, Michael C. – Cognition, 2008
Fluency--the ease with which people process information--is a central piece of information we take into account when we make judgments about the world. Prior research has shown that fluency affects judgments in a wide variety of domains, including frequency, familiarity, and confidence. In this paper, we present evidence that fluency also plays a…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Layout (Publications)
Hung, Yi-hui; Hung, Daisy L.; Tzeng, Ovid J.-L.; Wu, Denise H. – Cognition, 2008
The spatial component of numerical and ordinal information has been explored in previous research. However, how such mapping emerges and how it is affected by the learning experience are issues still under debate. In the current study, we examined the orientation of the mental number line for different numerical notations in Chinese readers. Our…
Descriptors: Learning Experience, Numbers, Number Concepts, Cognitive Processes
Koch, Severine; Holland, Rob W.; van Knippenberg, Ad – Cognition, 2008
In two studies, the regulatory function of approach-avoidance cues in activating cognitive control processes was investigated. It was hypothesized that avoidance motor actions, relative to approach motor actions, increase the recruitment of cognitive resources, resulting in better performance on tasks that draw on these capacities. In Study 1,…
Descriptors: Cues, Cognitive Processes, Task Analysis, Motor Reactions
Sweller, John – Educational Psychologist, 2008
David C. Geary's thesis has the potential to alter our understanding of those aspects of human cognition relevant to instruction. His distinction between biologically primary knowledge that we have evolved to acquire and biologically secondary knowledge that is culturally important, taught in educational institutions and which we have not evolved…
Descriptors: Educational Psychology, Evolution, Instruction, Discovery Learning
Freeman, John H.; Campolattaro, Matthew M. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Two experiments examined the neural mechanisms underlying the ontogenetic emergence of auditory eyeblink conditioning. Previous studies found that the medial auditory thalamus is necessary for eyeblink conditioning with an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) in adult rats. In experiment 1, stimulation of the medial auditory thalamus was used as a…
Descriptors: Animals, Auditory Stimuli, Conditioning, Children
