The primary purpose of this study is to demonstrate experimentally which of three methods--lecture, shaping, or sensitivity--is most effective in improving empathic communication between black and white students. The trainees consisted of 88 undergraduates randomly divided into four groups. The lecture, the sensitivity, and the shaping methods…

This study explores the effects of a white, middle and upper-class preference system on the helping relationship. Evaluating people according to their monetary status, educational background, productiveness, and religious and social origins characterized many nursing students in the study. In an attempt to help students become aware of their own…

These collected papers and reports, many taken from the Professional Education Seminar at the University of Northern Iowa, concentrate on the failure of inner-city education. A number of essays attempt to analyze the role of teachers, administrators, and communities in the failure of inner-city education. Also, there are several field reports on…

As one of the units on Native Americans developed by public school teachers enrolled in a University of Minnesota extension course on American Indian education, this grade-5 unit has as its overall objective the sensitization of the class to the cultural values of Minnesota Chippewa Indians. Included in the unit are objectives, new words,…

Beginning students in guidance and counseling comprised the two research groups: (1) a sensitivity-participatory group with activities ranging from T-grouping to sensory awareness to creative exercises; and (2) a didactic group in which the main focus was on instructor presentation of material relating to groups. The author sought to determine:…

This paper traces the development of a human relations program as part of the teacher education curriculum at the University of Maryland Baltimore County. Four approaches are presented--a basic encounter model, a cognitive model, a programed unit, and a final integrated model that is now being employed in the teacher education program. Each model…

This is the report of a "human relations" lab which was held on a rural estate where the staff and participants lived for eight days. Both six months after and five weeks before participation in this intensive T-group experience, the participants were described by themselves, one intimate, and one colleague on a variety of personality measures…

The purpose of this paper was to (1) identify the Pioneer of the Group Encounter Movement, and (2) expose and clarify some of the ambiguities, contradictions and backbiting evident in the Group Encounter Field. The origins of the group encounter movement are examined with a particularly strong emphasis on J. L. Moreno and his introduction of…

Describes the human relations approach to problem solving as an approach which emphasizes the expression of personal feelings by participants as essential to resolution of problems. (HMV)

This article presents a Learning-Training-Counseling model for group counseling. This model synthesizes theories and practices of group counseling, T-group training methodology, and selected basic learning principles. Three major phases of group development are described. Discussion includes behavioral guidelines for implementation, suggested…

It was hypothesized that interpersonal stress is associated with discrepancies between individuals' evaluations of themselves, their perceptions of others' evaluations of them, and others' actual evaluations of them. Rating-scale measures of these variables were administered at several points in human relations training groups. Findings supported…

Non-task-oriented activities that take place in a therapy group are conceived of as processes geared towards establishing and reassuring safety. The authors take an existentialist Langian approach to safety and discuss the notion that necessarily unresolved perceptions of ontological insecurity act upon members as individuals and as a group. (NG)

This paper uses the Interpersonal Perception Method (IPM) to analyze a single episode in a group's experience. The authors feel that such an approach is much more useful than the more usual trait analysis in understanding those experiences which will mediate the group's functioning. (NG)

To assess two group models being developed in the Mental Health Study Center, NIMH, this paper compares HIM data from these models with norms from a previous study. By contrasting HIM results from groups of married couples, young adolescents, and parents and teachers, one obtains a better understanding of the effectiveness of these models. (Author)

This research compares short-term variants of three approaches-Rogerian encounter, Gestalt sensory awareness, and self-directed encounter-in relation to intermember empathy and cohesiveness and outcomes of decreased feelings of alienation and increased sense of self-autonomy. All significantly decreased feelings of alienation and increased sense…