Tested two hypotheses explaining the causes of differences in recruitment source effectiveness, i.e., the realism of job information provided and the characteristics of individuals recruited, on a sample of employees (N=295). The hypothesis that recruitment sources differ because they reach individuals from different applicant populations received…

Relations between rank of propositions in descriptive passages, importance ratings, and recall were evaluated in experiments using undergraduates to determine whether passage structure and importance ratings are necessarily related. Importance ratings varied with instructions, but subjects recalled superordinate propositions better than…

Describes the forms of foreign language learning in adult education in England and a selection of the more common teaching, learning, and organizational factors and problems associated with them. (JOW)

Examined factors related to the self-concept of institutionalized male drug abusers (N=140). The Tennessee Self Concept Scale, a family questionnaire, and an interview were administered. Results yielded several predictors of self-concept, including parent-adolescent relationship, number of prior status offenses, and preference for nondepressant…

Compared three groups of students with vocational problems who sought professional counseling, enrolled in a career planning class, or sought no professional help. Results indicated those who used the services of the counseling center had a significantly more positive attitude toward counseling and counselors. (Author/JAC)

Investigated influences on environmental attitudes of factors within the control of the educational system (offering environmental education or not) and of those less amenable to control (students' age, sex, academic orientation, year in school). Results obtained from college students (N=136) indicate that these attitudes are importantly related…

Differences in achievement motivation and sex-role orientation between female athletes and nonathletes were assessed using Mehrabian's Scale of Achieving Tendency and the Bem Sex-Role Inventory. Athletes exhibited higher achievement motivation. Also, high achievement motivation was related to androgynous and masculine sex roles. (Author/CM)

Eighteen second-grade boys and girls identified as being high or low role-takers were videotaped teaching two same-sex kindergartners to make construction-paper caterpillars. High and low role-takers differed on eight dimensions of the 16 categories of prosocial behavior coded during videotaped observations. (Author/MP)

Twenty-four girls and 19 boys who failed quantity conservation tasks on a pretest were retested after having been exposed to a classroom demonstration on conservation. Results indicated that children who understood number conservation improved their quantity conservation performance more often than children who showed no understanding of number…

Surveyed 153 rural teachers based in eastern-central Utah to measure eight career orientations (security, technical/functional, managerial competence, creativity, autonomy, identity, service, and variety). Suggests organizations need to appreciate differences among teachers, and that rural teachers leave the profession due to a bad match between…

Reviews studies in which the psychophysiological responses of Type A and B subjects were studied in various contexts. It appears that Type A's manifest greater psychophysiological arousal in solitary as well as interpersonal situations in which there is a moderate external incentive to accomplish something and an intermediate probability of…

Reviewed task-related differences in physiological arousal between Type A and Type B persons and found that differences are less consistent and of a smaller magnitude than what is usually assumed. Furthermore, the median difference in systolic blood pressure between Type A and Type B persons working on tasks was small. (Author/JAC)

Reviews the utility of the "bogus pipeline" attitude measurement technique. The present conceptual replication failed entirely to produce the Cherry (1976) finding, showing a tendency for responsiveness to demand characteristics only among subjects responding via "paper and pencil." This finding is consistent with the…

Examined the effect of high therapist disclosure on the willingness to disclose of high and low need for approval subjects (N=68), who listened to a recorded client-therapist interview. Results confirmed that subjects with a high need for approval expressed more willingness to disclose in the clear expectation condition. (Author/JAC)

Investigated the usefulness of Arnold's Signs in examining marital discord among married couples (N=72) who were parents of children brought to a mental health facility seeking marital counseling, or in the process of divorce. Results revealed that the counseling group was consistently higher on all signs that reached significance. (Author/JAC)