This study explores the conceptual system of adult Korean learners of English with three different levels of exposure to a second language (L2) cultural background. Assuming that different exposure to an L2 socio-cultural backgrounds plays a significant role in modifying a learner's conceptual system that operates both an L1 as well as an L2…

Items in the mental lexicon have three storage and processing strata, the concept, lemma, and lexeme, which equate to semantic, syntactic and phonological information. Lexical items relate to each other at each stratum. Bilingual lexicons, which contain items from all languages, may contain cognates, items sharing concepts and with overlapping…

Social networking sites have become part of the daily life of many individuals, including learners and teachers, who use technology and web-based social platforms as means of regular digital interactions. The popularity of social networking sites has dramatically increased over the last decade, especially among younger adults. Nevertheless,…

Proficiency in speaking English is an essential requirement for undergraduates particularly in English as a Second Language (ESL) learning context. However, many ESL undergraduates encounter challenges while learning speaking skills due to anxiety. Therefore, this study investigates the influence of class interactions and oral presentations on…

In this paper, an attempt is made to develop a framework of a "MulDiLanguaging" approach with the purpose to enhance primary school students' intercultural competence. This educational framework consists of three interactive -- interdependent components: (1) Intercultural/multicultural sensitivity and awareness; (2) Intercultural…

According to I.S. P. Nation (2009, 66), four conditions must be present for an activity to be categorized as fluency development: (1) learners' attention must be focused on the meaning of the text they are reading rather than its grammatical or structural features; (2) here should be no new vocabulary and few irregular language features in the…

This study aimed at analyzing the articles on English (L2) pronunciation teaching published between 2012 and 2017. To achieve this purpose, 106 articles in fourteen well-known international journals in the field of foreign language learning and teaching were examined. These journals were indexed by SSCI (f=7), ERIC (f=4), EBSCO (f=2) and MLA (f=1)…

Whereas Standard Dutch only distinguishes between two adnominal grammatical genders, substandard varieties of Belgian Dutch distinguish between three such genders. German, too, distinguishes between three genders. Nevertheless, when assigning gender to German nouns with Dutch cognates, speakers of Belgian Dutch are strongly influenced by Standard…

The article focuses on written narratives of 51 Finnish university students who study German, Swedish or French as their major or one of their minors at an advanced level. The study aims to find what keeps these students motivated to study their L2. The data have been analyzed "using analysis of narratives" (Polkinghorne, 1995).…

As current computer-mediated communication (CMC) research is omnipresent in the foreign/second language (L2) writing process, a synthesis of the research in this realm is needed to better understand and inform the current pedagogical practices with technology in language classrooms. This article presents a review of 38 studies identifying the…

"Golden course", which is against frivolous course, has become a hot topic in Chinese higher education as new requirements are imposed on classroom teaching efficiency. Under this background, this paper takes the course "Comprehensive English 3" as an example to discuss how to design "golden course" and"gold…

Pedagogical agents in multimedia learning environments have frequently been designed to produce pointing gestures (deictic) to direct spatial awareness. Although this might be beneficial for native English-speaking students who possess high levels of comprehension, only using pointing gestures with foreign language students learning English is…

This article investigates the central role of topic in the IELTS Speaking Test (IST). Topic has developed a dual personality in this interactional setting: topic-as-script is the scripted statement of topic on the examiner's cards prior to the interaction, whereas topic-as-action is how topic is developed by the candidate during the course of the…

The article deals with the traditional game approaches that have well recommended themselves at the lessons of the Russian language, and their potential and ways of modifying into a single game space of the lesson is being discussed. Basing on personal experience, the authors of the article present the possibilities of organizing a Russian…

This study presents the first multifactorial corpus-based analysis of verb-particle constructions in a data sample comprising spoken and written productions by intermediate-level learners of English as a second language from 17 language backgrounds. We annotated 4,911 attestations retrieved from native speaker and language learner corpora for 14…