The Direct Method, a pedagogical approach for teaching additional languages through immersion, emphasizes oral interaction and everyday language usage to facilitate language acquisition. This method discourages reliance on translation and minimizes emphasis on grammatical rules. However, a fundamental question arises about the effectiveness of…

Language teacher identity (LTI) plays a significant role at various stages of a professional career. Yet, teacher preparation programs address LTI differently. The Certificate of English Language Teaching to Adults (CELTA) is the most widely recognized initial qualification. Examining how LTI is constructed during and after the acquisition of the…

This study presents a reanalysis of existing data to investigate whether a relationship between perception and production abilities regarding a challenging second-language (L2) phonological contrast is observable (a) when both modalities must rely on accessing stored lexical representations and (b) when there is an asymmetry in task focus between…

Foreign language learning is highly interactive and requires opportunities for academic speaking. The focus of this paper is how foreign language undergraduate students experienced this process in an online learning context. Through semi-structured interviews with seven undergraduate French, German and Spanish students, participants highlighted…

The purpose of this comparative study is to determine whether the linguistic input approach based on Krashen's (1989) comprehensible input (CI) and supported by Kolb's (2015) experiential learning (ELT) and Siemens' (2005) connectivism theory (CT) to improve eighth graders' Spanish speaking and writing linguistic proficiencies. Previous research…

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created a unique learning experience, characterised by school closures and a shift to online learning. Research suggests that online learning during the pandemic negatively impacted the reading development of elementary school children. However, little is known about the challenges of learning a second language…

This study explores the key challenges encountered in the implementation of extensive reading in the Thai context. The samples were 400 Thai students and teachers who were already familiar with the concept of ER. The participants' opinions, thoughts, and beliefs about the implementation of ER were also gathered through surveys and semi-structured…

Despite the growing body of studies on action research (AR) in second/foreign language (L2) education, little is known about teachers' beliefs about AR among different age groups. Hence, this study investigates whether L2 teachers' beliefs about AR vary by considering teachers' age. The Inventory on Teachers' Beliefs about Action Research (ITBAR)…

A three-dimensional virtual world (henceforth, 3DVW) is a novel phenomenon with enormous potential as a virtual community for broadening meaningful life experiences. Previous 3DVW research, however, has not addressed the determinants that influence L2 students' expectations. The primary goal of this study was to employ a combination of exploratory…

The aim of this research was to determine the levels of metacognitive awareness among college students in Saudi Arabia, with a focus on both academic majors and gender. There were 113 participants (58 females and 55 males) from the Information Technology (n = 68) and Human Resources (n = 45) majors. Using the Metacognitive Awareness of Writing…

The paper examines the relationship between EFL learners' first impressions of their instructors and their speaking performance. The study employed a mixed-methods approach, combining a test and a questionnaire to provide a comprehensive analysis. The participants were 81 EFL learners at Taif University. The results revealed that the correlation…

In this quantitative study, we investigated the relationships between parenting and young learners' English learning--specifically parents' sociocultural influence on elementary school children's motivation--within the framework of self-determination theory (SDT). We surveyed 212 dyads of Japanese parents and their children (8-12 years old) and…

The proportion of pupils with English as an additional language (EAL) has steadily risen in recent years in England, reaching just under one in five of all pupils aged 5-16 in 2021, with a total of over 365 languages spoken between them. Despite educational psychologists' (EPs) practice being concerned with reduction of barriers that prevent…

This study employed a mixed-methods design to investigate the experiences of ESL students during their English language learning interactions through the WhatsApp platform. The primary objective was to examine the presence of social, cognitive, and teaching presences in the WhatsApp interactions using the Community of Inquiry (CoI) model. A survey…

Metaphors are known to present both opportunities and challenges for second language learners, but relatively little is known about learners' awareness of them. To investigate this, we analyzed 72 argumentative essays written in English by a group of 37 intermediate Chinese university students of English. We identified metaphors using an…