The relationship between cost-efficiency and personal characteristics of 111 supported employees were examined. When sheltered workshops were used as alternative placements, supported employees with high IQS benefited more from employment within the community than did supported employees with lower IQS. From society's perspective, African-American…

Composite reading performance data from 223 pairs of identical twins and 169 same-gender fraternal twins in which at least one member was classified with reading disability were subjected to multiple regression analysis. Results indicated that the genetic etiology of reading disability differs as a linear function of IQ. (Contains extensive…

The research described in this article addressed the question of why siblings commonly have different developmental outcomes despite their common beginnings. The studies analyzed behavioral development, especially through examination of deviant behaviors and intellectual development, by tracing siblings' different life histories. The work is based…

This volume examines historic, cross-cultural, and psychometric issues with regard to the use of psychological testing in South Africa. After an introduction in Chapter 1, the following chapters are: "Measurement and Evaluation in Psychology and Education"; "History of the Development of Psychological Tests," which includes…

This document includes: (1) a special report by the Office of the Chancellor of the Pennsylvania State System of Higher Education on the system's equity plan, "Excellence and Equity: A Plan for Building Community in Pennsylvania's State System of Higher Education"; (2) an opinion piece titled, "The Problem of Black Students…

Several common assumptions about human intelligence are challenged in this paper. The "bucket" theory of intelligence describes intelligence as a stable psychological characteristic which affects learning, and which, when accurately measured, predicts an individual's learning capacity. The authors reject the idea that people who have…

Research supported by a grant from the Carnegie Corporation.

Pseudoscience, or the process of persuasion by establishing a pretense of scientific discovery, is examined in this book in an effort to dispel false notions about the validity of various measures of intelligence and the correlations of genetics to mental ability. The history and development of concepts related to hereditary intelligence and…

Much research shows that the correlation between IQ and school performance is consistently high. However, some evidence indicates that this relationship is not consistent but is moderated by classroom psycho-social environment at the first-grade level. Data from IQ tests, the Devereux Elementary School Behavior Rating Scale, number of attendance…

Two introductory passages, one regular passage, and one experimental advance organizer passage developed to facilitate initial learning were assigned to normal and retarded children. The subjects were 184 normal 8-year-olds (controls' mean IQ 118.00, organizers' 118.80) and 184 educable mentally retarded 15-year-olds (EMR controls' mean IQ 74.85,…

In behavioral science research, language has been increasingly seen to reflect the concepts that the child has acquired prior to, and hence independent of, the acquisition of language. Analyses based on this idea are confined largely to words that denote clear perceptual referents. Language, however, contains many terms that have no portrayable…

Areas of agreement and disagreement concerning intellectual developmental and the problems of mental retardation espoused by the author and by Uzgiris are discussed in this paper. The importance of environmental factors, along with the genetic and/or constitutional nature of the organism on which these environmental events impinge, is seen as…

The purpose of the study was to compare the performances of black and white urban high school students on a conventional measure of intelligence, the Lorge Thorndike vocabulary test and a culture specific test, the Black Intelligence Test of Cultural Homogeneity. In addition to determining whether or not there were race differences in performance…

The effectiveness of the special school, special class, and regular class in the education of low IQ (49 to 70) and high IQ (71 to 85) educable mentally retarded pupils (n=120) (all between the ages of 7 and 12 years) was investigated. Effectiveness was determined by academic achievement, self concept, and social adjustment within school settings…

Once again intelligence tests are being used as the major basis to establish the genetically determined limitations of minority and economically disadvantaged groups. By reviewing the arguments regarding the I.Q. test and the hereditability of intelligence, the author compares these with two sets of phenomena: the I.Q. test scores and the…