RESULTS OF INVESTIGATIONS INTO ACQUIRED VS. INHERENT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS WERE PRESENTED. FINDING REVEALED THAT DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BOYS AND GIRLS WERE AFFECTED BY THE ATTITUDES OF THEIR SCHOOLS TOWARD THEM AND TOWARD EDUCATION IN GENERAL. SEX DIFFERENCES IN BASIC INTELLECTUAL CAPACITY, ACHIEVEMENT, AND PROBLEM-SOLVING ABILITY…

A reanalysis of B. Inhelder's (1968) data concerning cognitive development among retardates was performed by selecting from the original 159 subjects a sample of 104 educable mentally retarded Ss (7-19 years old) who were diagnosed as fixated or nonfixated at three of the cognitive stages postulated by Jean Piaget. The results indicated that among…

Briefly reviews the work of Paul Broca and his followers who used brain size measurements to argue for the inferiority of the female intelligence. (MA)

To clarify the roles of IQ and mental age (MA) in hypotheses behavior, MA-matched subjects at three levels of IQ and three levels of MA received blank trial discrimination learning problems using procedures designed to discourage position-oriented responding. (Author/BD)

Investigated whether men and women produced similar Verbal Intelligence Quotient (IQ) and Performance IQ patterns following unilateral cerebral lesions. No consistent evidence of Sex X Lesioned Hemisphere interactions was found. Differences in the lateralization effects between men and women were not reflected in direction or pattern but only in…

Mothers' use of true (non-controlling) and limiting (controlling) questions with 26 developmentally delayed and 26 nondelayed preschool children were examined. More true questions were asked with 4- than 2-year-olds, and with nondelayed than delayed children. Limiting questions decreased as nondelayed children grew older, but increased as delayed…

Prompted learning and transfer were compared for mildly retarded (N=26), average achieving (N=15) and above average (N=15) children (ages 11 to 16 years). Subjects learned a problem solving strategy which utilized a graduated series of prompts. Retarded children required more assistance and more training to learn and transfer the trained strategy.…

Three experiments were conducted with 91 male and 91 female university students to assess sex differences in performance on speeded matching tests and theory on same-different judgments. Results are interpreted via the dual-process hypothesis of same-difference judgments with sex differences explained in terms of serial comparison processes rather…

United States Employment Service data on the cognitive and noncognitive aptitude requirements of different occupations were used to create an occupational classification--the Occupational Aptitude Patterns (OAP) Map. Thirteen job clusters are arrayed according to major differences in overall intellectual difficulty level and in functional focus…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between auditory discrimination, as measured by the Wepman Auditory Discrimination Test, and reading achievement, as measured by the Woodcock Reading Mastery Tests. After controlling for intelligence, there was little more than a random relationship between auditory discrimination and…

Individual differences in visual recognition memory and intelligence were correlated using 52 five-year-olds whose IQs ranged from 40-136. The correlation between memory performance and IQ was .70 for whole sample, and .61 when children with IQs below 75 were omitted. Immediate recognition memory is highly associated with intelligence. (Author/RD)

This study investigated the factor structure of the 10 subtests of the Career Maturity Inventory (CMI). Although two principal factors emerged, the CMI Competence and Attitude subtests did not load distinctly on the two separate factors. Results also tended to indicate that the discriminant validity of the CMI may be minimal. (PN)

Challenges the axiom that unalloyed benefits accrue to society by virtue of untrammeled scientific inquiry and technological advance. Discusses examples of challenges from within and without the scientific community in matters of atomic energy, space exploration, genetic engineering, and inquiry into racial and ethnic differences in intelligence.…

The purpose of this paper is to clarify some of the conceptual issues involved in discussions of psychology and education which rely on the assumption that biological factors serve as a basis or are responsible for human intelligence. (Author/ND)

Visual preference technique was found to be a method for exploring the genesis of normal and abnormal selective attention, pattern discrimination, and recognition memory. The study of infants with differing degrees of risk for mental subnormality produced substantial evidence for relationship between early visual selectivities and future…