Sixty young males enrolled in an introductory course in psychology rated themselves on a series of 7-step, bipolar, adjectival scales. Afterwards they observed a young man perform a simple mechanical task, performed the same task and then rated the young man and themselves again. It was found that when the subjects perceived the young man as…

These 2 papers examine the application of reinforcement principles in natural social settings. The first paper concentrates on the methodology of applied research, using an experimental as opposed to an observational strategy. That is, the experimenter intervenes with special "treatments" in a real-life social institution, much as he would in a…

The specific purpose of the research discussed was to develop an instrument which would permit assessment of individual and developmental differences in the acquisition of abilities to understand and utilize emotional and psychological facets of interpersonal behavior. Emotional insight was assessed in 81 male and female children between the ages…

This 1,131-item bibliography focuses upon research which centered on or included children 12 years of age and younger, who were not substantially below average in intelligence or grossly handicapped neurologically, and who had problems commonly considered appropriate for treatment in child guidance and out-patient psychiatric clinics. The studies…

Theories and practices of social scientists in relation to cultural change are described and evaluated. The first section considers psychology's emerging ethics, reviewing the work of Maslow, Fromm, and Money-Kyrle. Part II presents and considers some claims that specific cultures are maladaptive or sick, according to varying standards, and Part…

This paper discusses (1) The Current Definition of Bilingual Education, (2) The Origin of Accountability, (3) The Empirical and Rational View of Education, (4) Man Defines Himself or Is Defined, and (5) Who Is Accountable? A list of notes is included in the study. (SK)

Whether or not an innovation in education is accepted is often dependent upon its direct affect on the stability of the adopter. A framework of organizational theory provides structure and meaning for a study on differing positive/negative responses of distinct groupings of educators toward the adoption of innovative practices. Educational change…

Two groups of five preschool children were trained to press a key for marbles for four sessions of variable ratio reinforcement (VR6). Subsequently, response decrement for the groups was compared during conditions of fixed and variable differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO and VDRO). Fixed DRO was more effective for decreasing response…

This paper deals with two problems confronting the applied researcher using a behavior analysis approach. The first is concerned with the need for independence of behaviors, subjects and settings. The effectiveness with which the researcher can solve this type of problem depends on the researcher's emphasis on the examination of procedures, and…

An active five-session, individualized treatment approach to the stopping of smoking is described. This approach emphasized the following: (a) the feedback, in and out of hypnosis, of the client's own reasons for quitting, (b) the visualization of both positive and negative smoking experiences meaningful to the client, (c) maintaining contact with…

This paper describes and analyzes current research in career development, suggests further issues for investigation, and offers recommendations for research based on social learning theory and self-control techniques which would result in a self-management approach to career decisions. A decision-making model of career choice similar to the…

Explores some of the major components of the values clarification theory and discusses some of the most frequent criticisms which have been made of the theory. A major part of the paper summarizes the early research on values clarification and reviews nineteen more recent studies. For journal availability, see SO 504 730. (Author/DB)

Examines recent research on defendent's attractiveness, note-taking, language, and eyewitness testimony and investigates the relationship of these variables to the effectiveness and fairness of traditional courtroom proceedings. (MH)

Reported is a counter attack by the National Science Foundation related to the programs it has funded in the social and behavioral sciences. The study was undertaken after several months of congressional attacks. (EB)

Identifies listening as the primary business communication activity and suggests increased emphasis in the training and development of listening skills among business students. (MH)