Research was conducted to investigate two general classes of human attention models, early-selection models which claim that attentional selecting precedes memory and meaning extraction mechanisms, and late-selection models which posit the reverse. This research involved two components: (1) the development of simple, efficient, computer-oriented…

Navy personnel research conducted a comprehensive review of the literature on computer simulation studies to determine whether simulation methodology could be used to improve scientific understanding of psychosocial and sociotechnical systems. The literature search indicated that computer simulation could provide tools for the study of…

In the last half dozen years, the field of personality psychology has been asked to reconsider certain premises that traditionally have guided conceptualization and research. The most influential questioner and critic has been Mischel. The essential criticism, advanced and buttressed in a number of ways, is an empirical one: namely, the research…

Instead of looking at the impact of specific third party actions or behaviors on negotiation outcomes, the authors studied the effects of anticipated intervention on the negotiation process. Third party power (ability to force an agreement on deadlocked negotiations or merely recommend one) and generalized reputation (favorable or unfavorable)…

This report examines the extent and nature of marihuana use in the U.S. It presents information on the social and psychological influences as well as the toxicological and pharmacological effects. It also analyzes effects on behavior and discusses theraputic aspects of the drug. (Author/HMV)

If we define irrationality as thought, emotion, or behavior that leads to self-defeating consequences or that significantly interferes with the survival and happiness of the organism, we find that literally hundreds of major irrationalities exist in all societies and in virtually all humans in those societies. These irrationalities persist despite…

The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of induced affect as a pregroup training experience for coping with stress related to participation in an encounter group. Twenty-six subjects who volunteered to participate in an encounter group randomly were assigned to three treatment groups: Induced Affect Training plus the Encounter…

This report presents the results of two experimental studies undertaken to investigate some of the differences in success and failure attributions made by actors and observers in an achievement situation. Causal attributions of a person actually experiencing a success or failure (the actor) and someone who read about the situation (the observer)…

In addition to the list of HumRRO publications and presentations, of FY 1974, an annotated section incorporates the material from the Bibliography of Publications and Presentations During FY 1972-73. Research reports issued by HumRRO during FY 1974 are listed as are publications by staff members in professional journals and presentations at…

This paper reports on a successful attempt to understand success avoidant motivation and behavior by the development of an empirically sophisticated scoring system of success avoidant motivation and the observation of its behavioral correlates and situational determinants. Like most of the work on achievement motivation, the study was carried out…

Examined was the influence of the passage of time on the effects resulting from viewing an instructional film and to corroborate the findings of a similar, earlier study. Eighth grade students (829) of a California suburban school district were assigned, in random groups, to varied treatments involving pretesting, film viewing, immediate…

Behavioral research presents an analysis of the classroom in which sources of academic success or failure are sought in contingencies of reinforcement functioning in the child's learning environment. Motivation is analyzed in behavioral terms, and behavior principles are proposed as a powerful tool for teachers for the amelioration of behavior…

The effect of grammatical phonological rules (those in English) and nongrammatical (those in other languages) on the learning and reproduction of morpheme-length utterances and the role of maturation on this effect were examined. Children preschool through second grade were the subjects. There were no significant differences at any grade level…

In behavioral studies of academic performance, accuracy has usually been defined as the number of items correct divided by the number of items assigned. One previous study used an alternative definition--the number of items correct divided by the number of items attempted. It is suggested here that while both measures are useful indices of…

A survey was conducted of 406 elementary, middle, and secondary school teachers to determine their understanding, acceptance, and use of the principle of operant conditioning. The treatment of data was by percent and chi square analysis primarily according to sex, experience, degree, and position. Subjects reported that a) they believed that the…