Results indicated that extrinsic rewards improved students' test performances significantly more than no rewards or feedback reward conditions. These improvements in performance were noted for all students under extrinsic reward conditions, thereby extending the effectiveness of these procedures across IQ levels. (Author/CL)

Meta analysis is used to examine the results of 189 studies concerning sex and intelligence. The relationship between these two variables is investigated for five large clusters of cultures. For some intelligence factors, significant cultural differences are found between Western groups and Asian/African groups. (VM)

Compared the performance of 56 children on the 11 subscales of the Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery-Children's Revision. Results revealed significant differences on Receptive Speech and Expressive Language subscales, suggesting a possible differential sensitivity of the children's Luria-Nebraska to verbal and nonverbal cognitive deficits.…

Examines the contiguity of siblings within family structure--a concept reflecting how much of the family environment siblings share with one another--in relation to within family IQ scores. Results fail to demonstrate family structure effects. (HOD)

Research psychologist Howard Gardner susggests that there are at least seven intelligences and that competence in these intelligences varies. The biological and cultural bases of this theory is explored. Implications for teachers are offered. (DF)

This book presents evidence that human beings possess a range of capabilities and potentials (multiple intelligences) that, both individually and together, can be put to many productive uses. Chapter 1, "Intelligence and Individuality," introduces the issue. Chapter 2, "Before Multiple Intelligences," describes the traditional scientific view of…

This study is aimed at trying to discover the isolable characteristics of intelligence, of the kind of mental processes which result from it, and of the relationship between intelligence and the formation of concepts. (Author)

A discussion of two questions is considered important: (1) why are there different races and how might they have come to be, and (2) given the observed biological differences among races, what, if any, is their significance for society. Discusses the race-IQ question and presents evidence to support environmental influence on IQ results. (DF)

Data suggest an ability to use concrete-operational reasoning is not required for doing complex arithmetic, even though it may be necessary for learning these arithmetic skills. (Authors)

Report of an interview with the inventor of the neural efficiency analyzer, reputed to be the first successful culture-free measure of native intelligence. (Author)

It was concluded that while retinoblastoma per se is not associated with intellectual superiority or inferiority, retinoblastoma associated with blindness may result in selective cognitive superiority. (Authors)