Although estimations typically possess correct answers, these answers may be difficult to demonstrate to others. However, providing external information may increase their demonstrability. In this experiment, individuals (N = 60) and 6-person groups (N = 360) generated estimations with or without frames of reference. We hypothesized that…

The purpose of this research was to study the characteristics of the intragroup relations between the middle-status adolescents in a student group and the other status categories. It is assumed that the social and psychological portrait of an open adolescent student group, the character of the orientation and the level of its development, and the…

A look at two areas of research in group dynamics: Individual behavior conformity to certain pressures of group processes, and the "risky shift phenomenon," which theorizes that the group tends to be a more dynamic and venturesome unit than does the individual acting alone. (Author/HB)

Operational definitions of two key variables in group communication can provide a theoretical perspective for considering communication behavior in group research: "risk taking," the tendency to prefer long shots with higher payoffs over sure things with lower payoffs; and the "risky-shift" phenomenon, the finding that after…

The principles of group dynamics were applied to systems theories of personality. Parallels were drawn between groups and the mind especially in the area of intragroup conflict and intrapsychic conflict and with regard to group size and the number of subsystems of the mind. The heuristic possibilities of this analogy were discussed. (Author)

This study uses the ethological approach of seeking species characteristics and phylogenetic continuities in an investigation of human behavior. Among primates a striking consistency is the presence of some form of dominance hierarchy in many species. The present study examines peer group dominance hierarchies as they are perceived by children in…

In summary, the results suggest that, with five-year-old children, more might be gained by structuring the task than by structuring the group." (Author)

Study of five teaching teams suggests that much time is wasted in meetings or in areas of limited significance for the education of children. (Author/LR)

Discusses the emotional and psychological problems caused by management information systems. (LR)

Reviews group behavioral issues from past space missions and simulations such as the Skylab Medical Experiments Altitude Test, Skylab missions, and Shuttle Spacelab I mission. Makes recommendations for future flights concerning commandership, crew selection, and ground-crew communications. Pre- and in-flight behavioral countermeasures are…