LANGUAGE LEARNING EMPHASIZING THE IMPORTANCE OF AUDITORY FACTORS IN READING WAS SURVEYED. THE AUDITORY-TO-VISUAL SYMBOL SYSTEM ASSOCIATION IS DEFINED AS THE ABILITY TO ASSOCIATE SOUND LABELS WITH VISUAL LABELS (AND VICE VERSA) ON A GESTALT WHOLE-WORD BASIS AND ON A PHONEME-GRAPHEME ANALYTIC-SYNTHETIC BASIS. THE DECODING (READING) AND ENCODING…

The study was conducted to determine the difference in the ability of 2 groups of music students to improve their sensitivity to errors of intonation and to recognize intonation errors in triads and chords within the performing ensemble. The selected sample consisted of students enrolled in conducting classes at Arizona State University, 20 of…

A study was conducted to examine the effects of word familiarity on auditory discrimination and the interactions of the familiarity variable with age. Thirty-seven word pairs equated in sound and length and 37 nonsense word pairs similarly equated were selected according to the maturational level at which children learn different sounds. The…

This report describes two exploration studies which examined the development of infants' intermodal knowledge by examining infants' auditorily guided visual search for objects. Experiment 1 examined intermodal search for the mother and father by 9 infants at each of three age levels: 3, 5, and 7 months of age; the final sample was 23 infants.…

The ability of 50 kindergarten children to discriminate and produce the phonemes typically used in early phonic-based reading instruction was investigated in matching-to-sample discrimination task and an echoic production task. The phonemes were presented to each child in isolation and in a word context in both tasks. The average time required to…

A 14-year-old nonverbal severely handicapped boy received instruction in receptive language based on learning a "yes-no" indicator response and a variety of basic concepts. The procedures included scaling of preferences for common objects and basic teaching procedures for a "yes-no" indicator response to the question, "Do you like this?"…

The purpose of this experiment was to present redundant auditory information along with written displays to see if first graders would be aided in discrimination between legal and illegal nonwords. Seventy-two middle-class first and second graders of both sexes were given one of three treatments to study the effect of redundant auditory…

The effectiveness of the CIRCUS language instruments for determining language comprehension and performance in the 4- and 5-year-old child is discussed. In these instruments, the use of content words is primarily studied through the use of single-word measures, such as a picture vocabulary test and an auditory discrimination test, whereas the use…

The purpose of this year-long study was to explore the effectiveness of the Trythall system of music dictation instruction (particularly Trythall's small-step, programmed method) in the training of aural skills--error detection, melodic dictation, rhythmic dictation, harmonic dictation, chord identification, and sight singing. For this study, the…

This study investigates the hypotheses set forth by Russian researchers that there may be identified a pervasive characteristic of the central nervous system labeled as "strength". Ten of the 12 measures used were direct replications of representative strength measures derived from the Russian work. Two additional measures were included to test…

This study explores the relationship between children's metalinguistic awareness of aural word boundaries and their reading achievement and was designed to answer the following questions: (1) Does a child's knowledge of spoken word boundaries improve with age? (2) What is the relationship between children's conceptions of spoken words and their…

Points out that the linguistic rules of one's dialect determine what one hears and that items on tests of auditory discrimination may prove difficult for adults and nearly impossible for children. (JM)

Adults' perceptions of infants' cries were evaluated by means of multidimensional scaling. Twenty-four nonparents and 20 parents judged the similarity of all possible pairs of 12 recorded cries. Subjects also rated the cries on 29 attributes, including perceived aversiveness, possible caretaking responses, affective responses, and semantic…

Eighteen moderately mentally retarded adults, 20 nonretarded elementary age children, and 20 nonretarded adults were exposed to three conditions of an auditory detection task (location, meaning, and a combination of both). Developmentally immature subjects (retarded adults and nonretarded children) demonstrated less efficient attentional capacity.…

Author-supplied item labels for two common speech discrimination tests were compared with those given spontaneously by 40 children (median age 5:5). Agreement between subjects' and authors' labels was 76.3 percent on the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification test and 75 percent on the Northwestern University Children's Perception of…