Examines the nature and characteristics of the phenomenon of retrenchment in universities and systems since the late 1970s. Five categories of financial reduction are identified, giving special attention to the situation of financial reduction coupled with increased demand and to approaches characterized by restructuring. Discusses consequences…

Describes the establishment of North Carolina's community colleges, indicating that providing education, training, and retraining for the workforce has been the foremost component of their mission since their inception. Considers current trends affecting the colleges, including an emerging emphasis on readiness for global competition and funding…

Nigerian university libraries are threatened by underfunding and inadequate collections and facilities. This article examines factors influencing the future prospects of Nigerian university libraries. Discusses Nigeria's mineral oil resources; political instability and stratification of ethnic groups; and the National Universities Commission, the…

Increasing specialist staff over the years means that regular classroom teachers comprise a declining portion of professional staff. Fewer education dollars are spent teaching the regular instructional program. The Boston schools, five Darlington-Hammond study schools, the New American Schools, and the Edison Project have achieved higher student…

Overview of after-school programs describes the different objectives of school-age child care, youth development, and educational programs. Discusses the roles of the principal and community in supporting quality school-based programs. Summarizes views on after-school programs by the public, principals, and law-enforcement leaders. (MLF)

Examines 3 of 26 curriculum documents distributed by the Ontario Ministry of Education in one year to demonstrate that policy statements pay little heed to costs involved. Discusses variables in curricular change: teacher availability and training, student characteristics, materials and physical facilities, instructional technology, and finances.…

Pressures on dental schools in the form of declining enrollments, fiscal problems, and a changed professional environment for dentists are outlined, and options for fiscal survival are reviewed. Emerging differences between public and private schools and the role of the dental school in the university are discussed. (Author/MSE)

This article describes the current state of postsecondary educational services for deaf students in Canada, discussing service delivery, assessment and admissions (using United States programs for comparison), a case study of the province of Alberta, and a brief description of Canadian developments and the future. (Author/PB)

Three university administrators, the president of the Association of Governing Boards, and a legislator/university trustee respond to the question: "In this era of diminishing resources and changing expectations of higher education, will governing boards significantly influence how colleges and universities respond?" All support the potential…

Studies the deleterious effects of Oregon's Measure 5 (a property relief measure) on two suburban elementary schools in Oregon City and West Linn. In both Oregon and California, a shift away from property taxes has not been accompanied by the development of adequate funding from other sources. Our growing willingness to provide for children's…

Uses Census of Governments data from 1962-87 to examine number and distribution of U.S. nonmetropolitan government-poor counties (places that spend little on government services). Although the number of government-poor counties has declined steadily, spending levels in the 160 poorest counties actually decreased relative to the nonmetropolitan…

Although David Hornbeck became Philadelphia Schools' new superintendent in September 1994, critics are already saying the honeymoon is over. In a school system characterized by student absenteeism, high dropout rates, minimal community support, and declining resources, Hornbeck's reform agenda (Children Achieving) may receive inadequate support.…

A discussion of the changing economic climate for higher education looks at college costs in relation to other economic indicators, higher education costs in other countries, and hypothetical changes in spending and productivity in the next few decades. It is concluded that while the situation looks bleak, reconception of practices and…

Insufficient funding for college work-study programs, increased student loan defaults, unanticipated deficits in the federal Pell Grant program, and the climate of recession are creating serious problems for student financial aid. Some fear enrollments will be affected and federal programs will be further reduced. (MSE)

The successful conservative administrative strategies of four private colleges (Claremont McKenna College, California; Connecticut College; Livingstone College, North Carolina; Northwestern University, Illinois) in a climate of widespread institutional cutbacks are described. They include investment, avoidance of administrative "bloat,"…