The norm-referenced score scale used by the National Foundation for Educational Research (NFER) is described. The usefulness of standardized scores is explained by a simple numerical example, and the formulas and computations are shown for calculating a mean, a standard deviation, and a deviation or z score. The need for a representative sample is…

This paper is divided into three parts. Part I connects the reality of the classroom with the idealism which arises from some of the problem solving literature. It is argued that a broader concept of problem solving is needed to provide a perspective for bridging the gap between the conceptions of problem solving in the literature and typical…

This collection of reprints from the IDEAS section of the "Arithmetic Teacher," has been selected from those activities appropriate for students in grades 4 through 8. The selections have been reprinted just as they originally appeared in the journal. The ideas are grouped under the headings computation, fractions, problem solving, geometry, and…

The statistical methods presented in this workbook focus on the display of central tendency, statistical tests, and correlation. Chapters 2, 3, and 4 consist of worksheets, each of which provides step-by-step instructions for calculating and interpreting a particular statistical method. The introduction to each worksheet explains how and when to…

Presented is a budgetary decision model developed to aid the executive officers in arriving at tentative decisions on enrollment, tuition rates, increased compensation, and level of staffing as they affect the total institutional budget. The model utilizes a desk-top programmable calculator (in this case, a Burroughs Model C 3660). The model…

An analysis of the quantitative processes underlying conservation of quantity is presented. Models of three quantitative operators--subitizing, counting, and estimation--are derived from adult performance in quantification tasks, and some features of the operators are described. The emergence of conservation is described in terms of the…

Research on error patterns associated with whole number computation is reviewed. Details of the results of some of the individual studies cited are given in the appendices. In Appendix A, 33 addition errors, 27 subtraction errors, 41 multiplication errors, and 41 division errors are identified, and the frequency of these errors made by 352…

Two questions were investigated in this study: (1) How did the computational proficiency of sixth graders who had one year's experience with Developing Mathematical Processes (DMP) materials compare with an equivalent group of students who used the usual textbook program; and (2) What occurs when sixth graders study algorithms as sequences of rule…

The construction of tables of numbers is discussed as a learning activity that involves work in such things as reciprocals, calculators, formulas, patterns, discovery, prime numbers, and other types of numbers. (MP)

A problem from number theory is used to illustrate the use of the computer and programable calculators in solving problems. Programs are included. (MP)

The author describes the structure, content, and standardization of the Stanford Mental Arithmetic Test (SMAT), which was developed at Stanford University from 1973 to 1975. (MN)

Instructional techniques are given for the use of calculators in (1) finding prime numbers, (2) solving trigonometric equations, and (3) solving polynomial equations. (CP)

Two games are described. "Operation: Four" is a game which provides students with practice in basic computation. "Geometry" is a game which enables students to participate in a competitive match of definitions. (JT)

A variety of calculator activities is described for developing problem solving skills without getting involved in tedious computations. (JT)

Details ab initio crystal orbital calculations using all-trans-polyethylene as a model. Describes calculations based on various forms of translational symmetry. Compares these calculations with ab initio molecular orbital calculations discussed in a preceding article. Discusses three major approximations made in the crystal case. (CW)