This mathematics textbook, written in Portuguese, is the third book of a Mathematics Program in Portuguese. It is designed for third graders. It closely follows the objectives and methodology of the major curricula used throughout the schools in the United States. The 11 chapters deal with: numeration (0-999,999); addition with and without…

Eight sixth-grade students received individualized instruction on the addition and subtraction of fractions in a one-to-one setting for 6 weeks. Instruction was specifically designed to build upon the student's prior knowledge of fractions. It was determined that all students possessed a rich store of prior knowledge about parts of wholes in real…

In order to describe developments in children's conceptions of numbers and numerical relations, judgments of similarities between numbers were solicited from adults and from children in kindergarten and grades 3 and 6. A nonmetric multidimensional scaling analysis suggested that children gradually become sensitive to an expanding set of numerical…

A problem-solving program supplemented by calculators in one treatment group was conducted in 63 grade 7 classes with about 1350 students. Teachers were provided with problems correlated with textbooks, and instruction for teaching problem-solving strategies. School districts provided calculators and problem-solving materials. Pretest scores…

A model of how automated and controlled processing can be mixed in computer simulations of problem solving is proposed. It is based on previous work by Hunt and Lansman (1983), who developed a model of problem solving that could reproduce the data obtained with several attention and performance paradigms, extending production-system notation to…

Formula budgeting procedures used in several states for allocating resources to public institutions of higher education are reviewed and criteria to be considered in developing a formula budget for public institutions in Pennsylvania is recommeded in this report. Section 1 summarizes the history of formula budgeting in Pennsylvania. Section 2…

A model for projecting the flow of faculty as a result of various decisions related to tenture is presented. This model uses the proposition that future tenure proportions are determined by additions and departures from the tenured and untenured faculties. Its most basic assumption is that the rates of these additions and departures will remain…

Reported is a field test of the basic numerical skills workbook developed for Navy personnel. Two groups of subjects were used at the Recruit Training Command, Orlando, Florida, during early 1980. The design of the workbook, entitled "Improving Your Navy Numerical Skills," was directed toward meeting the needs of personnel who have…

The purpose of this study was to compare factors of cognitive style in two groups of seventh-grade children: (1) children of average or above average intelligence who show learning disability in mathematics but who perform well in reading; and (2) children of average or above average intelligence who perform well in both mathematics and reading.…

This document is intended as a resource for persons using, designing, or evaluating instructional materials in whole number subtraction. Its purpose is to provide conceptual machinery: (1) for describing/specifying subtraction tests and exercises and (2) for formulating related questions and conjectures. It is mainly a logical analysis subject to…

The message of this article is that there are many types of problems ordinarily requiring advanced techniques or special insight to solve which can now be done as simple programming exercises on inexpensive programmable calculators. Several examples appropriate for the secondary school curriculum are given. These are: (1) evaluating polynomials;…

The abstracts and critical analyses of research in this document were prepared and compiled to add to the fund of information on the effects of hand-held calculators on achievement and learning. Since many persons find it difficult to secure original copies of all research studies, the expanded abstracts should provide specific information…

Many problems and activities which can be worked with a calculator are contained in this booklet. The problems include: pattern recognition, combinations of operations, estimation, squares and square roots, rate problems, area, and volume. Chapter topics include: getting to know the calculator, single-step problems, using formulas, and…

The twenty-two essays on problem solving included in this publication give ideas and examples for use in the classroom at all levels of instruction. Topics discussed in the essays include but are not limited to: problem posing, clues from research, story problems, calculators, textbook problems, and measuring problem solving. Polya's heuristics as…

This report is concerned with the observation that many teenagers and adults are unable to apply arithmetic even when they know how to perform the operations. It is speculated that this is probably due to not having been taught when to use the fundamental operations. Examples of types of "real" problems which require the various…