The present study was designed to investigate the relationship between children's cognitive understanding of the concept of "kindness" and their performance on tasks requiring cooperative and helping behavior. Subjects were 184 preschool, kindergarten, fifth and sixth grade children. (BD)

The effectiveness of using earliest school recollections as a diagnostic device for classifying different types of gifted and talented students with social adjustment problems at school was evaluated. Significant agreement was found between classification on the basis of earliest recollections and classification on the basis of observable behavior…

Data from 13,998 students revealed that high percentages of students drank often and that many of these students reported being drunk often. While most students indicated they would prefer not to drive home after drinking, approximately one-third of driving age students indicated they would drive under the influence of alcohol or would ride with…

Examined the validity of the knowledge-attitudes-behavior model of alcohol consumption with a group of first-time, full-time college students (N=432) at the State University of New York at Buffalo. Asserts that there is a relationship between people's knowledge about alcohol, their attitudes concerning alcohol, and their behavior relating to…

Analyzes the appeal of horror films. Develops a model that finds that important factors in the horror film's appeal are the audience's desire to experience the satisfying resolutions and to see the destruction usually found in these films and the sensation-seeking personality traits of audience members for these films. (NKA)

It was found that no personal characteristic of law school deans was a predictor of their leader behavior scores; however, several of the law school faculty members' personal characteristics and social distance factors (age, rank, Frequency or Intimacy of Contact) were positive predictors of their Consideration scores. (Author/LB)

Based on data from a nationally representative sample of 14,000 elementary school children, this study finds that principal behavior and attributes significantly influence individual student achievement. These results affirm major conclusions of recent case studies and claim that schools make a difference. (Includes 2 tables, 5 notes, and 30…

Studied a social developmental model of discounting. Experiments showed that discounting increased according to the degree of similarity between the task situation and subjects' earlier experience. Although older children discounted consistently, younger children discounted only after a relevant script-generating experience. (RJC)

Focuses on the interrelation between stressors and smoking, and on its potential impact on coronary heart disease risk beyond that due to stressors or to smoking alone. Reviews evidence supporting the stress-smoking interrelationship, its relevance to the risk of heart disease, and mechanisms explaining why smokers smoke more during stress and why…

Discusses the personal styles model of Moore and Richter, which attempts to identify an individual's particular pattern and response in an educational environment. Suggests ways the model can help counselors to encourage teacher effectiveness and improve their overall effectiveness in consultation with teachers and parents. (Author/ABB)

Compared child outpatients with diagnoses for both conduct disorder (CD) and attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADD/H) with children with CD but no ADD/H. Children with both CD and ADD/H exhibited more physical aggression and a greater variety and severity of antisocial behaviors despite their younger age at time of referral than did…

The study examined work and work-related social behaviors of moderately and mildly mentally retarded workers as well as those of nondisabled workers. Nondisabled workers tended to exhibit greater amounts of time on task, more solitary work behavior, more movement while working, more giving and receiving of mutual assistance, and more talking while…

Investigates children's ability to recognize the legitimate authority figure in a structured authority situation. Thirty children at each of three age levels--5, 8, and 11 years--were administered the Authority Measure, an instrument designed to elicit children's reasoning about authority figures. (Author/RWB)

The study investigated the nature of appropriate and inappropriate interaction behaviors between 91 college professors (74 with experience teaching disabled students) and 38 physically disabled students. Among findings was that professors who had taught disabled students were more comfortable with such students and interested in teaching them in…

Briefly summarizes the research on television-viewing behavior relevant to news watching. Suggests ways in which research can be conducted to learn more about these habits as well as about active information processing. (JD)