This study was designed to identify the goal approach behaviors which distinguish first-graders with a successful achievement orientation from equally competent first-graders with an unsuccessful orientation. Based on scores of test anxiety and expectancy for success, 100 boys were designated either success-oriented or failure-threatened and then…

This paper reports on a successful attempt to understand success avoidant motivation and behavior by the development of an empirically sophisticated scoring system of success avoidant motivation and the observation of its behavioral correlates and situational determinants. Like most of the work on achievement motivation, the study was carried out…

The explanatory cornerstone of most currently viable social theories is a strict cost-gain assumption. The clearest formal explication of this view is contained in subjective expected utility models (SEU), in which individuals are assumed to scale their subjective likelihood estimates of decisional consequences and the personalistic worth or…

This paper contains a discussion concerning some of the variables which threaten external validity and inferences about communicative behavior made by researchers and teachers. Communication researchers have begun to explore potentially artifactual sources of variance in judgments of evaluations of communicative behavior. Some studies have shown…

A factor analytic study which sought to discover the dimensions of credibility in the context of subordinate and supervisor interaction is reported in this paper. It was hypothesized that perceived supervisor credibility is a function of subordinate part participation in decision making, communication reciprocity, feedback perceptiveness, feedback…

In this study designed to compare the relative pacifying properties of horizontal and vertical rocking, 13 infants (mean age--58 days) were each tested on two subsequent days. The rocking device was a cradle that could be manipulated to produce side-to-side rocking similar to a commercial cradle or up-and-down rocking. In its up-and-down mode, the…

Emotional expressiveness is generally considered to be an important verbal behavior in the therapeutic interview. The purpose of this research was to examine, within the limits of a low structured, counseling-type situation and under conditions of response contingent and non-contingent reinforcement, the existance of two emotional affect-type…

The purpose of this investigation was to study the verbal behavior of counselors emitted in response to different emotional dispositions of clients. Aggressive amd submissive client "stimuli" were the focus of study. Two members of a college drama group, trained in the role of a submissive and an aggressive client, respectively, were interviewed…

The human infant is now considered capable of active informational interaction with the environment. This study tested certain hypotheses concerning the nature of that interaction. These hypotheses, developed partly from Piaget's work, are (1) that repeated visual encounters with a stimulus pattern leads first to attentional preference for that…

The objective of this study was to examine the ways existing and preferred influence relationships differed in academic departments in two situations. A questionnaire examining perceived power relationships was sent to 131 randomly selected faculty members in 6 social science departments at a state university. Three of the departments were in a…

To gain insight into a leader's ability to effect change by influencing group peers this study sought to identify structural properties and communication behavior characteristics of the school systems in which opinion leaders and isolates work, as they relate to a change strategy for vocational-technical education. Based on questionnaire data…

To investigate the development of prevocational behavior in adolescents enrolled in schools for the deaf, and to determine some of the major variables related to the prevocational behavior of deaf adolescents, 240 students from four schools for the deaf were studied. Information required for the study was obtained in three ways: a personal data…

In a study to learn whether or not poor nutrition, as indicated by low hemoglobin levels, affects intelligence and behavior, 113 Head Start children in Missoula, Montana took part. Group testing with the Lorge Thorndike Intelligence Test and individual testing with the Wechsler and Primary Scale of Intelligence or Wechsler Intelligence Scale for…

This report describes implementation and exercising of simulation models for a portion of user behavior in the library setting. The emphasis is on user estimations of timing and convenience factors of service and how these are affected by actual service. The report begins with an oversimplified view of the user and becomes progressively more…

Design of a training process for developing cultural self-awareness--awareness of the cultural nature of one's own cognitions--is described. Spontaneous interactions of Americans with foreigners in simulated on-the-job encounters are video-taped. Different behavioral manifestations of particular cognitions and their relation to American cultural…