Ninety 5- and 6-year-old children equally divided by sex were assigned randomly to one of three emotion-inducing conditions (self-focused happy, other-focused happy, or neutral emotion-inducing) and then given varying numbers of rewards. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive processes initiated by emotional states that may influence…

Reflects on G. Zivin's framework on the development of expressive behavior. Stresses the need to include noncognitive, as well as cognitive, affective activation in the framework, and the necessity for the adoption of an inclusive, synthesizing strategy at this stage of knowledge. (HOD)

Replicates and extends to older adolescents previous findings of factorial independence between IQ and daydreaming in both gifted and average children and young adolescents. Also aims to relate to the development of moral reasoning ability research findings of a decline in guilt and fear-of-failure daydreams among children, adolescents, and…

Documents rate, mean duration, and mode of infants' affective displays. Using cross-sequential design, observes infants in their homes from 6 to 18 months playing with their mothers, with peers, and alone. With increasing age, affect rates and vocal modes increased, and mean durations and facial and motoric modes decreased. (Author/BE)

Children between the ages of six and 11 were asked to recall personal experiences of pity, anger, and guilt and to rate the cause of each emotion on degree of controllability. Results were interpreted as evidence that guilt in young children may be a qualitatively different emotion because of its closer link to outcome than to perceived…

Describes the symposium on action theory presented at the 1983 meeting of the International Society for the Study of Behavioral Development in Munich. The symposium included reactions to action theory from a variety of theoretical perspectives. (Author/RH)

Manipulated the content of attributional interpretations and their discrepancy from client attributions (N=38) to examine the respective importance of these two variables to the effectiveness of interpretation. Results indicated that interpretation content was irrelevant to change in clients' negative emotions, attributional styles, and…

Explores effects on one child of observing another same-sex child receive direct reinforcement. Subjects were 216 children from different age levels (6.11, 9.1, and 11.2 years). Results were considered in terms of vicarious reinforcement and the "implicit punishment" hypothesis. (Author/CI)

A referral population of 108 six- to 11-year-olds was divided into Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and non-ADD subgroups and were compared on two intelligence tests and a measure of depression. Though not intellectually distinct, the ADD group was more depressed relative to teacher ratings. The possibility that diagnostic criteria for ADD are…

Examines developmental trends in children's reactions to anger and affection occurring among others in the home. Children were studied for nine months when toddlers and for three months when between six and seven years of age. Data were provided by mothers trained in detailed reporting of discrete sequences of behavior. (RH)

Reasserts view that there can be emotional or affective arousal without prior cognitive appraisal. Criticizes Lazarus's rejection of this view on the grounds that it presents no empirical evidence, is based on an arbitrary definition of emotion, and obliterates all distinctions between cognition, sensation, and perception. (CMG)

Responds to Zajonc's criticism of author's own belief in primacy of cognition by defining what he means by "emotion" and discussing whether sensory preferences can be regarded as emotions. Says that the evidence Zajonc presents to supporting his claim for the primacy of emotion and its independence from cognition is specious. (CMG)

A mood chart allows learning and/or behavior disabled students (8-12 years old) to evaluate and monitor their present mood. The chart can also be used to analyze the relationship between mood and inappropriate behavior, to communicate with parents, and to promote children's awareness and understanding of each other's feelings. (CL)

Assists counselor educators, supervisors, and practicing counselors to determine conditions under which high technology alone, high touch alone (based on empathic interpersonal skills), or the purposeful combination of the two may be the preferred mode of treatment. Stresses the need for counselor education programs. (LLL)

Examined the factor structure of the Profile of Mood States (POMS) in samples of psychiatric outpatients (N=165) and adult smokers (N=298). Results indicated that the POMS appears to be an internally consistent, multidimensional instrument with a relatively stable factor structure. (LLL)