The University of Minnesota's response to financial cutbacks due to unexpected reductions in state revenues is discussed. The public higher education system and each state agency submitted alternative retrenchment budgets. The University of Minnesota proposed three approaches for cuts at the 12 percent level: across-the-board reduction; closing…

Boston's Title I English as a Second Language (ESL) program (1981-82) was designed to provide supplementary ESL instruction to educationally deprived children in elementary and middle schools. The program's major objectives were to develop aural-oral English language skills in limited-English-speaking children, and to help them adjust socially and…

The decline of the American railroad is explored to gain a better understanding of the nature and consequences of decline, as well as to assess implications for higher education. The following issues are addressed: changes that occurred in the railroad's environment between the early twentieth century and the present; the kind of adaptation that…

The four presentations in this document focus on the organizational response to resource reduction in counseling and related services at St. Cloud State University (SCSU). The introduction defines resource reduction in terms of staff and money, and lists current developments that will affect higher education in the next decade. The first…

The financial crunch facing the nation has reduced the scope of educational opportunity and depreciated the quality of education for many White students, but it is the disadvantaged minorities who are the most victimized. Most Black and Hispanic children attend predominantly minority urban schools with disproportionate shares of special needs…

Based in part on interviews conducted in 32 municipalities, this paper is intended to provide information to public managers, policy analysts, and others on methods for improving the management of retrenchment. A model summarizes how public organizations recognize and attempt to manage financial crises and prolonged financial stress. Some cutback…

A 1979 College Board Study of the State Student Incentive Grant (SSIG) program is updated. SSIG had two original purposes: encouraging the creation and the expansion of state student grant programs. By 1979 all states had created programs of need-based grants for undergraduates, but increasing state spending was less successful. In 1980 Congress…

This report summarizes the findings of four technical studies on public education finance in Oregon. After describing the intent and scope of each of the studies, the report sketches the general conclusions reached on the structure of the public educational system in Oregon, the state's General Fund, and the financing of each sector of Oregon…

The financial aid service in a community college may well be its most important function, yet community college students are discriminated against by policies designed for more traditional college students' needs. (MJK)

Women who must raise their children alone and who are in the labor market have been found to have high levels of stress. Existing data from 318 black, single, employed women with full custody of their children were examined with regard to their work patterns, possible conflicts with their families and their work, and the strategies that they used…

Problems concerning finance, faculty, and educational programs faced by George Peabody College for Teachers during 1937-1945 are examined, along with the solutions. Attention is directed to: circumstances surrounding problem identification, the background of each problem, who had responsibility for formulating each solution, other…

Indicators of the financial health of colleges and universities are considered, along with causes of financial problems, a conceptual framework for institutional financial flows, and data sources. Five indicators are addressed: changes in institutional distress potential for private colleges, changes in institutional financial resources, changes…

Problems that existed during the 1937-1945 era at George Peabody College for Teachers were investigated, using a historiographical approach. In addition to a search of various kinds of records, interviews were conducted with faculty, staff workers, and administrators. The Delphi technique was used to isolate problems of an administrative nature,…

This report examines the impact of government cutbacks in social services, compensatory education, nutrition, and youth employment/training on private, nonprofit organizations serving children and youth. Data was gathered via a mailed survey (1982-83) in 12 metropolitan areas and 4 rural counties. Among the conclusions are the following: (1)…

Information on how British institutions of higher education survive financial crises related to severe reductions in budget is provided. As British universities are working through more major budget cuts than American ones, U.S. institutions can learn from them what procedures, techniques, and philosophies allow them to survive. Chapter 1 is a…