Over the past decade, statisticians have developed methods to improve generalizations from nonrandom samples using propensity score methods. While these methods contribute to generalization research, their effectiveness is limited by small sample sizes. Small area estimation is a class of model-based methods that address the imprecision due to…

This study offers an approach to testing for differential item functioning (DIF) in a recently developed measurement framework, referred to as "D"-scoring method (DSM). Under the proposed approach, called "P-Z" method of testing for DIF, the item response functions of two groups (reference and focal) are compared by…

To present time-varying evidence, cumulative meta-analysis (CMA) updates results of previous meta-analyses to incorporate new study results. We investigate the properties of CMA, suggest possible improvements and provide the first in-depth simulation study of the use of CMA and CUSUM methods for detection of temporal trends in random-effects…

Constantly on the lookout for Canadian mathematics education matters, because if Canadian mathematics education matters then Canadian mathematics education matters, three young university bookstore employees, university students, unable to make proper change when I handed them a five dollar bill for a sticker I was purchasing for my laptop,…

This dissertation address two significant challenges in the causal inference workflow for Big Observational Data. The first is designing Big Observational Data with high-dimensional and heterogeneous covariates. The second is performing uncertainty quantification for estimates of causal estimands that are obtained from the application of black box…

Random encouragement designs evaluate treatments that aim to increase participation in a program or activity. These randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can also assess the mediated effects of participation itself on longer term outcomes using a complier average causal effect (CACE) estimation framework. This article considers power analysis…

In recent years, when computational thinking (CT) has become increasingly important, utilizing machine learning (ML) techniques provides a revolutionary method for comprehending and improving cognitive skills for young students. However, few studies deepen the process of learning ML and CT. This exploratory study aims to investigate the impact of…

Computational thinking is an essential ability for students in the 21st century. Therefore, this study described students' mathematical computational thinking process in terms of self-efficacy of eighth graders, consisting of 32 students. The applied instruments were self-efficacy questionnaires, computational thinking ability tests, and interview…

Green development is an effective mode of economic growth and social development aiming at efficiency, harmony, and sustainability, which has become an important trend. The development of green industry is taken by many countries as an important measure to promote economic restructuring and highlighting environmental awareness. The green chemistry…

Policy emphases on early childhood and elementary computer science education have led to the development of many developmentally appropriate computer science and robotics tools, pedagogies, and high-quality curricula. One example is the integrated Coding as Another Language pedagogy for coding, literacy, and social and emotional learning. The…

Background: Robot programming can simultaneously cultivate learners' computational thinking (CT) and spatial thinking (ST). However, there is a noticeable gap in research focusing on the micro-level development patterns of learners' CT and ST and their interconnections. Objectives: This study aims to uncover the intricate development patterns and…

The aim was to determine the effect of an 8-week programme of active breaks on memory, attention-concentration, mathematical calculation, linguistic reasoning and creativity in adolescent students. One-hundred-sixty-two adolescents (12.27 ± 0.47 years; range = 12-13 years) participated in this study. The intervention was based on four daily active…

The aim of research is to reveal the effect of a training program based on the TAWOCK model for teaching computational thinking skills on teaching self-efficacy among computer teachers. It used the quasi-experimental approach, with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. An electronic training program based on the TAWOCK model was…

Background/purpose: This study aimed to investigate the differences among the equations used in estimating the reliability coefficient using the half-split method. These equations demonstrate Spearman-Brown's, Rulon's, Guttman's, Mosier's, Flanagan's, and Horst's. Materials/methods: The study instrument was a 43-item scale for evaluating the…

Concepts and practices are widely used to assess students' development in computational thinking (CT). However, less is known about how the development of each construct relates to that of the other. With a sample of 997 grade 6 students (average age = 11.43 at the beginning of the school year) from 14 primary schools, we examined the…