The Give-N (give-a-number) task has become a popular assessment of children's number words and counting knowledge since Wynn's (1990, 1992) seminal work over 30 years ago. Using the Give-N task, numerous studies have shown that children learn the first few number words slowly, before they understand how counting represents number. This learning…

This research aimed to: (1) investigate the components and indicators of computational thinking learning experience management competency of early childhood teachers in educational institutions under the Office of the Basic Education Commission; and (2) examine the congruence of these components and indicators. The research was conducted in two…

Computational Thinking (CT) is a critical set of 21st-century skills that young learners must develop to be successful in contemporary work and life. As more K-12 schools begin to integrate CT into the curriculum, Elementary Preservice Teachers (EPSTs) must be prepared to teach CT to their future students. Therefore, elementary teacher preparation…

Researchers are encouraged to report effect size statistics to quantify treatment effects or effects due to group differences. However, estimates of effect sizes, most commonly Cohen's "d," make assumptions about the distribution of data that are not always true. An alternative nonparametric estimate of effect size, relying on the median…

Vertical jump height is a widely used variable in sport science and physical education. This narrative review summarizes various numerical methods used to calculate vertical jump height. In force plate technology, the jump height is most commonly calculated using the flight time (FT) or the takeoff velocity (TOV), which provide only the distance…

The multidimensional mixture data structure exists in many test (or inventory) conditions. Heterogeneity also relatively exists in populations. Still, some researchers are interested in deciding to which subpopulation a participant belongs according to the participant's factor pattern. Thus, in this study, we proposed three analysis procedures…

The study of how children learn numbers has yielded one of the most productive research programs in cognitive development, spanning empirical and computational methods, as well as nativist and empiricist philosophies. This paper provides a tutorial on how to think computationally about learning models in a domain like number, where learners take…

The random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RICLPM) decomposes longitudinal associations between two processes X and Y into stable between-person associations and temporal within-person changes. In a recent study, Bailey et al. demonstrated through a simulation study that the between-person variance components in the RICLPM can occur only due…

This computational exercise gives students an in-depth look at the reactants, transition state, and product of the crystal violet alkaline hydrolysis reaction. The exercise, which is aimed at second semester general chemistry students, involves DFT energy calculations on five structures: crystal violet cation, crystal violet alcohol, and 4-water…

Background: Virtual laboratories are used to supplement or even replace physical laboratories in engineering education. Although these virtual laboratories allow students to learn foundational experimental skills, they do not provide the learners with the chance to develop higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). Computational thinking (CT) is an…

The Nolan Index (NI) is a normed, quantitative measure for comparing the degree of resemblance (similarity or dissimilarity) between free listings with an Excel program for calculating it. This article enhances that effort with the addition of an R program and additional applications. Free-list resemblance measures have been used to investigate…

In organizational and academic settings, the strategic formation of teams is paramount, necessitating an approach that transcends conventional methodologies. This study introduces a novel application of multicriteria integer programming (MCIP), which simultaneously accommodates multiple criteria, thereby innovatively addressing the complex task of…

Background: In the digital age, fostering young children's computational thinking (CT) and executive functions (EFs) through programming has emerged as a significant research issue. While unplugged programming activities are commonly adopted in preschools, robot programming activities have recently gained attention for the potential to enhance…

Prior research has suggested that clustered regression discontinuity designs are a formidable alternative to cluster randomized designs because they provide targeted treatment assignment while maintaining a high-quality basis for inferences on local treatment effects. However, methods for the design and analysis of clustered regression…

The current study examined how individuals with neurodevelopmental disorders navigate the complexities of learning within multidimensional environments marked by uncertain dimension values and without explicit guidance. Participants engaged in a game-like complex reinforcement learning task in which the stimuli dimension determining reward…