The relative weakness of sex-role labels as reinforcers, and the disappearance of differential effectiveness of male and female labels at the fourth-grade level would appear to be congruent with Kohlberg's (1966) cognitively based theory of sex-role acquisition. (Authors)

Communication is examined as a process generic to and compatible with the evolution of the neurologic substrates, the expression of emotion, and the developmental progression and acquisition of intelligence. (Author)

The present study is based on a form of task analysis that explicates in detail the hypothesized solution behavior of skilled performers of the task. (Authors)

Students tested on their ability to apply the ratio concept in a simple problem of measurement were retested two years later; one-third showed no change in category. The data were grouped in analogy to the three developmental stages of Piaget. Additional data from a group of eighth graders did not clarify further how students arrive at…

Investigates the merits of individualized instruction vs. traditional methods of instruction. (RK)

Presents psychological theories by four major learning theorists for the aid of teachers and other specialists in decision-making processes. (Author/RK)

In general, the large number of learners found in this study lends support to the assertion that children below five or six can learn problems requiring mediation. This suggests that their learning will have to be described by more complex models. (Author)

Major purpose of this experiment was to test a notion suggested by Gagne that operations, as described by Piaget, are more dependent on learning than on development. It was concluded that the results supported Gagne's cumulative learning model rather than the notion that operations are primarily dependent upon maturation. (Authors/CB)

Proposed is a theory of cognitive integration to explain the observed failure that many black and Puerto Rican elementary school children experience in learning to read despite intensive efforts at remediation. (Author/DB)

The purpose of this paper is to review Professor Peters' notion of education as initiation' and to suggest that it involves a paradox of freedom for both teachers and pupils. (Author)

From a symposium on Cross-Cultural Studies of Mother-Infant Interaction at the Biennial Meeting for Research in Child Development, Minneapolis, Minn., April 2, 1971. (MB)

Confirms a trend in an earlier study for high-contact Aboriginals to perform on classification tests at about the same level as white children in a similar environment, despite the markedly lower verbal intelligence quotient scores of Aboriginal children. (RJ)

Describes grade 9 student responses to instructional materials constructed on objectives derived from Piaget's balance and inclined place problems. Concludes the presence of a hierarchy only in the balance objectives. Indicates implications worthy of further studies. (CC)

Presents a music curriculum which provides a music program for preschool through high school students that emphasizes comprehensive musicianship in all learning experiences. (Author/RK)