Two major periods of development in proportional reasoning are identified by analysis of a 23-item experiment given to subjects between 6 and 16 years of age. (MP)

Concluding remarks are presented on the preceding six papers (see TM 505 449-505 454). Evidence of American interest in Soviet research is cited, and it is suggested that this Soviet research can contribute a great deal to the field of educational psychology. (GDC)

The incidental learning paradigm supports two findings concerning selective attention: (1) the difference between central and incidental task performance increases with age, and (2) the correlation between central and incidental performance decreases with age. Neither of these findings clearly supports the view that attentional selectivity…

After reviewing the purposes and methods of educational research, the author outlines the areas of basic research relevant to arts education: cognitive and developmental theory, learning, and teaching as a human interaction. He briefly considers the role of the National Institute of Education in delineating and supporting research. (SJL)

Describes a study which sought to develop a criterion-referenced cognitive instrument based on the 83 performance elements contained in 30 teacher education modules. Discusses whether it is educationally sound to conclude that those who possess appropriate teaching skills also possess an appropriate cognitive base. (JOW)

Two implications of best-example theory for category acquisition were tested using a set of artificial concrete object categories. Categories acquired from initial exposure to good exemplars were learned more easily and accurately. People learn the best exemplars are category members before learning the poor exemplars are category members.…

Adapting curricula to the cognitive developmental level of students has been hindered by the difficulty of assessing those levels in students. The reliability and validity of a paper-and-pencil Piagetian assessment are discussed. (Author/ JKS)

Eight nursery staff were observed for four months and their behavior monitored on a time-sampling basis. Particular focus was put on behavior likely to foster cognitive growth in educationally disadvantaged preschoolers. Results are presented for staff activities. Discussion focuses on the optimal amount of "structure" in nursery…

A child is studied from the age of four, at which time there was no clear distinction between writer and audience, up to the age of eight, at which time he wrote a story demonstrating conclusively that he could stand apart from an egocentric view of the world. (JN)

Examines various kinds of linguistic and psychological information for their pertinence to the arrangement of grammatical information in teaching beginners in English as a Second Language. It is claimed that the psychological information on learning processes is as important as linguistic analysis of the target language. (Author/AMH)

The interpretations by first graders of mathematics illustrations designed to teach relationships between sets are reviewed. (MP)

Discusses the problems which arise as a result of the child's spontaneous activities changing into meaningful behavior. Emphasizes the child's need for guidance from knowledgeable adults and the need for completing activities to the child's satisfaction. (Author/DB)

The development of the concept of conservation was examined in 120 elementary school children divided into three groups: partially sighted, sighted, and sighted-blindfolded. (CM)

This article reports a study conducted with fourteen learning-disabled elementary students to determine the growth of achievement and conservation abilities after using the "Sink or Float" unit of the Elementary Science Study. (MK)

The paper presents a discussion of a theory of intelligence which postulates that intelligence develops rather than that intelligence is an innate ability possessed in full measure at birth. Discussion of unresolved issues surrounding their theory is presented. The effect of such a theory on science teaching is discussed. (RE)