Described are two studies which used art therapy to improve cognitive and language abilities in a total of 45 children with learning difficulties or communication disorders. The art procedures focused on the development of three types of concepts: the concept of a class or group of objects, concepts of space, and concepts of sequential order. A…

In this study, 50 infants (15 to 18 months of age) were shown four different film sets in an effort to determine (1) whether infants can perceive action role reversals between an actor and recipient of the action when the direction of the action is ruled out as a cue and (2) whether infants consider only animate objects to be potential…

This study investigated the effects of stimulus presentation rate on primacy-recency effects in children. A modification of the Digit Span task used in the Binet and Wechsler intelligence scales provided the basic memory task administered to 56 male school children in grades kindergarten, second, fourth, and sixth. The specific design required…

In two experiments (N=210) conservers, transitional conservers, and nonconservers were directed to lie or pretend to other children that their judgments and explanations of a series of conservation problems were the opposite of what they really were. Nonconservers and transitional subjects in both studies made large and significant gains in…

Prospective remembering (remembering to carry out specific activities at some future time) was investigated in this study. This investigation focused on episodic prospective remembering (memory for actions performed either infrequently or on an irregular basis ) rahter than habitual prospective remembering (memory for actions routinely engaged…

This book is directed at the pre-service undergraduate and the in-service graduate student who must possess basic knowledge of how the orthography of American English is structured while pursuing the requisite skills for teaching competence in reading. Chapter one is a brief introduction. Chapter two, "Phonetics, Phonemics, and Phonics," considers…

Learning can be viewed as either a product or a process. The product view suggests that learning is the result of precise manipulations on the part of an instructor. The process position emphasizes that learning originates in the learner as a result of his or her mental and physical manipulations. These two philosophical vantage points have…

This study compared the academic performance, intellectual capacity, listening ability, and study skills of students who participated in programs designed to develop specific learning skills with students who did not participate in the programs with regard to total group, level of intellect, sex, and grade level. Two hundred and ten students,…

This paper approaches the task of defining basic teaching skills by identifying essential preactive skills. Piaget's model of cognitive development was used to determine the general goal of teacher training in preactive skills, to identify the three basic kinds of preactive skills necessary for teachers to learn, and to suggest the kinds of…

Two experiments investigated the role of children's spontaneous conceptual "biases" in pictorial discrimination learning. The results suggested that such biases may serve either to facilitate or to interfere with discrimination learning. Moreover, in each experiment, age by treatment interactions revealed that in comparison to the behavior of…

Analyzed is the Piagetian concept of cognitive structure (concerning an individual's thought organization) and noted is the lack of precise psychological definition. Reviewed are deficiencies in Piaget's theories relating to developmental stages of the cognitive structure. Elements of the cognitive structure are defined; five basic assumptions are…

The relationship of infant mental development (Bayley Mental Scale, eight months) to four year Binet IQ was explored in the context of the study sample's neurological and socioeconomic characteristics for a sample of 536 full-term children. The Minnesota sample was approximately normal or average in terms of infant mental scores, infant…

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship of the variables of intelligence, creativity, and a language component in preschool disadvantaged Negro children. Major hypotheses were: (1) that the specific components of each variable had higher correlations within each variable than between variables; and (2) that each major loaded on a…

Examined were the cognitive preferences of sixth grade students in relationship both to student involvement in a program utilizing Elementary Science Study Materials and to the teaching strategies employed by the teachers. Two-hundred twenty-six students of eleven teachers, who had taken part in summer workshops to gain experience in using ESS…

This account of a new approach to social studies curriculum takes the form of an introductory statement on the model curriculum which is being developed in the Contra Costa County Schools of California. Three levels of knowledge are distinguished: (1) concepts, (2) significant ideas, (3) specific facts, with the students progressing from 3 to 1.…