Performance in cognitive tasks involves two distinct processes; acquisition of knowledge and cognitive control over knowledge already acquired. A conceptual and analytic framework is presented which allows for the disentanglement of knowledge and control, and for the quantification of each. (Author)

A summary of the adolescents' perspective of government, individual rights, crime, and power through his middle years" of development. Concepts range from a utopian ideology to complete naivity and vague misconceptions. Characteristic attitudes reflecting nationalism are found among young citizens of Britain, Germany, U.S. (JB)

Following nutritional recovery from severe protein-calorie deficiency, 20 young children evidenced a retarded level of categorization behavior compared to a control group of 19 adequately nourished children from similar socioeconomic background. (NH)

Describes the intellectual development stages ascribed to children by Jean Piaget. Characteristics and examples are given for sensori-motor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational thinking periods. Implications are given for elementary school science education, including (1) formal instruction does not accelerate acquisition…

Three experiments explore factors associated with the development of certain symbolic abilities (verbal, maplike, and mathematical) in 4-10 year old Negro and white children. The experimental tasks required a synthesis of concepts with symbolic stimuli. (MH)

Words, rather than their meanings are too often the product of science instruction. Deeper understandings can be achieved by (1) allowing students to generate terms meaningful to them, (2) doing more research into the relation between cognition and language in children, and (3) establishing a set of criteria for justifying the inclusion of…

Describes research on Piaget's theories on the importance of exploration, use of concrete objects, and self-directed learning for children. Relates the concepts of construction and instruction to educational models and teaching roles. (DR)