Identifies questions in child psychopathology and delinquency that can best be answered by using longitudinal data and discusses advantages and problems of longitudinal studies. Reviews methodological issues arising in longitudinal research on child psychopathology and proposes solutions to problems. Contrasts retrospective and prospective designs…

Demonstrates low probability that nonequivalence will produce erroneous inferences in small samples. Sees probability of erroneous inference in absence of true treatment effect as generally no greater than nominal Type I error rate. Seems unlikely that small samples have biased inferences drawn from past psychotherapy outcome research. Cites other…

Investigates whether the measurement distinction between first- and second-order measures of cultivation results in operationalizations that are independent or related to one another. Finds that the two are related to a weak degree at a general level, but stronger relationships exist on a contingent analysis. (SR)

Investigated the lexical shift from British to American terms in New Zealand English. Surveys on speakers' lexical usage, perceptions, and attitudes identified various problems with previous research, suggesting that some American terms are not adopted because speakers identify and avoid them. The article disputes the assumption that lexical…

Principal components analysis revealed four patterns of nonresponse on children's psychosocial adjustment, lifetime poverty experiences, and family history. Results from examining latent growth curve models using listwise deletion and multiple imputation indicated that multiple imputation corrected for selective nonresponse, providing less-biased…

H. F. Kaiser, S. Hunka, and J. Bianchini have presented a method (1971) to compare two matrices of factor loadings based on the same variables, but different groups of individuals. The optimal rotation involved is examined from a mathematical point of view, and the method is shown to be invalid. (SLD)

This paper reviews the methodology in articles that have reported structural neuroimaging or neuropsychological data in adolescent patients with schizophrenia. Identification of methodological issues led to the finding that, at present, no conclusions can be made regarding the presence or absence of neuropsychologic dysfunction or structural…

Administered a survey to 606 National Science Foundation-funded principal investigators and their institutions' representatives (n=91) to study responses to unethical research behavior. Scientists appear to perceive that they uphold their responsibility to respond through disclosures in the research community; administrators propose to report such…

Maintains author's interpretation of 6-month-olds' behavior is consistent with task requirements in the 2000 study and previous work showing that infants use explanatory inferences to make sense of their world. Asserts that ability to understand that people communicate with persons but act on objects is precursor to infants' understanding at 9 to…

The purpose of the present paper is to emphasise the importance of inferences in an empirical study and to demonstrate how the inferences depend on a wider context. For that purpose a metamodel of central inferences is proposed, where each inference is characterised according to three dimensions: relevance, legitimacy, and validity. The relevance…

Objectives: To summarize what is known about and to offer suggestions for steps professional societies can take to foster greater integrity in research. Methods: Analysis of research literature on research integrity. Results: Research on research integrity has identified 3 areas for concerns about integrity: 1) research misconduct, 2)…

We reviewed a "Mental Retardation" article by Conroy et al. (2003) on consumer outcomes following the closure of the Hissom Center in Oklahoma. In this article the authors misconstrued their 254 subjects, implying they are representative of the Hissom Focus Class while failing to account for 128 subjects included in an earlier analysis.…

The present review examines research on the effects of technology use on reading achievement in K-12 classrooms. Unlike previous reviews, this review applies consistent inclusion standards to focus on studies that met high methodological standards. In addition, methodological and substantive features of the studies are investigated to examine the…

The paper discussed the difficulties and problems in experimental researches in educational technology, such as misunderstanding in teachers' concept, disjointedness between theory and practice, inadequate understanding of dialectics in experimental educational technology researches, research project selection and theoretical hypothesis formation…

We thank Debra J. Ackerman, Peggy L. Apple, W. Steven Barnett, and Stacie G. Goffin for their thoughtful commentaries on our article "Implementing New York's Universal Pre-Kindergarten Program: An Exploratory Study of Systemic Impacts" (this issue). Our response focuses on two main themes that emerged from the commentaries: (a) the…