Federal involvement in higher education during 1950-1983 is reviewed. Policies and programs that have governed federal support of academic science and higher education are considered, particularly support for basic scientific research. The Soviet's success with Sputnik promoted change from modest funding for defense-related research at selected…

A plan for studying management procedures that structure the relationships between federal agencies and federally-created research and development (R&D) organizations is discussed. The objective is to identify the types of federal management approaches, examine these approaches from the perspective of their relative emphasis on accountability…

Excessive centralized control begets uniformity, which denies local need and school uniqueness. Further, control, order, and supervision create impassivity and work against autonomy. The decentralization of authority to lower echelons more familar with local needs may provide a more relevant administration that encourages local initiatives; school…

The development of the role of higher education associations based in Washington, District of Columbia, from the 1960s to the present, is traced, with attention to events, problems, and issues. Also considered are: reasons for joining voluntary associations; the policy-making arena for higher education and the general principles that guide federal…

The government has attempted to exercise control over nonpublic schools in a number of different ways. This paper discusses the indirect controls imposed by various levels of government on these schools and the response of the courts to these controls. It is organized by court decisions related to zoning ordinances, civil rights, and employment…

A discussion is provided of the state and local components of the governance structure of the community colleges of the State University of New York (SUNY). First, a historical overview is presented of the legal foundations of the existing combination of SUNY and local community college governance, starting with the 1948 legislative actions that…

Questioning the desirability of whether private schools should receive federal or state aid, the paper outlines how such aid can cause entanglement problems for private schools. In accepting governmental aid, private schools can lose their autonomy, including (1) the ability to select and dismiss students with autonomy, (2) the ability to advocate…

Virginia's assessment of student learning outcomes has been lauded by national organizations for its respect of institutional autonomy while providing meaningful information on student learning outcomes. Virginia recently implemented a process by which each institution's plan to assess student learning outcomes are evaluated by peer institutions.…

In a discussion of the organizational and presidential functions of the community college, four major influences forcing administrative changes are indicated: (1) the usurpation by governing boards of administrative functions; (2) increasing state and federal control with consequent movement toward centralized authority; (3) collective bargaining,…

New directions that state legislatures have taken in regard to accountability in higher education are reviewed, along with the way that the relationship between the legislature and higher education is changing as a result of new developments. In response to public criticism that the legislature is too responsive to pressure groups, does not do its…

Consequences of the first allocation of public aid to independent schools in British Columbia in 1979 and 1980 were explored in this study. Interviews and questionnaires were used to query principals, education committee (or school board) members in private schools, and superintendents and presidents of teachers' associations in public schools.…

Based on a research study that assessed the process of institutional advancement at selected small, independent colleges, this monograph provides data designed to help small college presidents, trustees, and advancement personnel focus on the advancement of their institution rather than its termination. Chapter One discusses the concept of…

Financial and survival problems facing private colleges, unless the state governments make major changes in the way public education is financed, are discussed in this speech. The gap between the cost of attending public and private institutions is growing, at least for families with incomes above the median. Many of the best academic colleges and…

Issues concerning institutional accreditation, quality, and eligibility are considered, and some alternative plans are examined. One of the functions of accreditation is to determine which institutions are eligible to receive federal funds. It is suggested that neither the accreditation process nor the eligibility process confronts the issue of…

Developments in the late 1830's and early 1840's concerning Franklin College, academic freedom, and slavery are traced. In the small eastern Ohio community of New Athens, there were political, economic, social, cultural, and religious influences that focused on the question of American slavery. The drama unfolded at the nondenominational but…