Discusses artificial intelligence, robotics, natural language processing, and expert or knowledge-based systems research; examines two large expert systems, MYCIN and XCON; and reviews the resources required to build large expert systems and affordable smaller systems (intelligent job aids) for training. Expert system vendors and products are…

The use of quantitative techniques for research and development management in large U.S. industrial firms is reviewed, current patterns of technique familiarity and usage are described, and suggestions for the direction of project management systems are given. (MSE)

Provides an overview of France's research and development capabilities and accomplishments. Cites examples of technological advances and explains why France has been successful in aerospace, electronic, and chemical and pharmaceutical research. Also explores the impact of education and culture on innovation attempts. (ML)

Reviews the status of high energy physics and the contributions resulting from research with particle accelerators. Supports the value of supercolliders and discusses its potential impact on scientific research. Also reviews and analyzes the basic components of the Standard Model. (ML)

Addresses issues related to the decline of research and development funding for universities. Indicates that pressures are assaulting the universities due to Gramm-Rudman cuts, indirect cost controls, and the search for different sources of support. Also indicates that nonscience support for education will be a serious competitor with research.…

Research is often seen only as a method of encouraging preservice teachers to engage in certain behaviors. This article proposes that research can be used to increase teacher options, provide understanding of the school as a workplace, provide a technical area of teaching, promote questioning and reflection, and provide consumer protection. (DF)

The types of managerial problems occurring in large research laboratories are classified, the politics of their management are analyzed, and the forms in which the problems are manifested are discussed. It is concluded that strategic practices are needed for the organizations to function effectively. (Author/MSE)

Access to new information, including basic research, has created competitive advantages in the pursuit of military, commercial, and other social goals and has influenced communication practices in science. The American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS) Committee on Scientific Freedom and Responsibility has conducted a project to…

Suggests six principles that should guide federal government involvement (influence, direction of finances) in high-technology industries. Government roles in establishing a healthy environment, support for long-term payoffs, demonstration programs, world leadership, investment for university research, and encouragement for industry/university…

The Pimentel Report (formally titled "Opportunities in Chemistry") represents an unusually broad and deep consensus in the chemical community about the status of chemistry and areas along the chemical frontier ripe for scientific exploitation. Highlights from the report and an extensive executive summary are provided. (DH)

Computer programs designed for testing and teaching language comprehension and for evaluating language production skills through the analysis of free speech samples in mentally retarded students are described. (JMK)

Fourteen state-funded agricultural research establishments in England and Wales were asked for information about visits received from agricultural lecturers. Forty-two lecturers, with visits covering five establishments, were asked for their views on the value of the visits. (Author/SSH)

Promotes the advantages of qualitative research methodologies in distance education; outlines the work of Ference, Marton, and the Gothenberg Group and discusses how this work has related to research with distance education; and describes some insights into how students learn which can be gained through qualitative methodologies. (MBR)

Presents a model of how research and practice communicate, describes indicators of how communications are breaking down between practitioners and researchers in the National Association for Performance and Instruction (NSPI), speculates on long-term consequences, discusses factors contributing to the communication problem, and suggests tactics to…

Predictions of a severe shortage of engineers are not confirmed by an analysis of defense spending and salary trends. Data are provided and discussed for defense budget, engineering demand, attritions/layoffs, bachelor's salaries in selected industries, effect of research and development pool of engineers, and influence of starting salaries. (JN)