The Japanese capacity for long-range planning, efficient product design, and the development of loyal and productive workers should be pursued by American recreationists in their attempt to influence urban recreation in the coming decade. Methods to achieve this include: (1) adopting corporate strategies, (2) using volunteers in leadership roles,…

Investigates whether a country's socioeconomic characteristics influence female participation in the Olympics and other athletics. The author reviews data on women's participation in Olympic teams and in the labor forces worldwide. Economic development and industrialization support women's rising economic status as well as their participation in…

The authors agree that cooperative education is a positive concept with real benefits for African nations, but it has to be modified to suit the environment of Africa and that continent's special problems. Issues of its acceptability, the size of the industrial base, elitist attitudes, and mass illiteracy are also discussed. (SK)

Discusses the fundamental aspects of verbal communication and analyzes its functions in terms of social needs. Takes an historical perspective to distinguish different levels of social development characterized by different communication requirements and stages of language evolution. From these premises, it argues for a sociocultural approach to…

Part one of a two-part article discusses the continuing problems of Indian tribes in negotiating equitable mining leases yielding reasonable economic returns without excessive social and environmental disruption. The article reviews several successful tribal actions and suggests courses of action for Indian planners and leaders. (Author/SB)

The consistent economic growth of the Georgia community is the result of careful planning over a long period. Successful community development efforts have resulted in a new regional library, an airport, a vocational technical school, an industrial park, and increased industrialization. (SB)

Problems of rural development in less developed countries and ways of organizing a foreign aid program are examined. (MF)

While mineral development in Indian Country offers economic benefits, it can also pollute the air and water and destroy the land itself. Article describes three different approaches that Laguna, Acoma and Santo Domingo Pueblos are using to deal with exploitation of their natural resources. (DS)

Case studies concerning the impact of the "traditional sector" of higher education and "nonformal" education upon regional development are presented. The interplay between education and regional developments, effects of education on aspects of cultural and social mobilization, and problems of control that result from…

Examined are the number and distribution of persons engaged in research and development in the U.S.S.R. Quantitative comparisons are made between Soviet and U.S. research and development employment. Data indicate that the estimated number of scientists and engineers in the U.S.S.R. substantially exceeds the number in the U.S. (Author/CS)

Addresses world-system/dependency theories of differential economic growth among nations and identifies reservations concerning the current empirical status of these theories. Presents a model which relates the world system to blockmodel analysis by considering four types of international networks--trade flows, military interventions, diplomatic…

Discusses the activities of the Bedford-Stuyvesant Restoration Corporation and the Development and Services Corporation from 1967 to the present. The former represented community residents who developed programs, while the latter represented members of the business and financial community who provided technical and financial resources. (Author/JR)

The REMPLOD project (Reintegration of Emigrant Manpower and the Promotion of Local Opportunities for Development) investigates ways in which foreign workers can contribute to development processes in their countries of origin (Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey). Three experts involved with the Turkish project make recommendations on the Turkish-Dutch…

Evaluation of 78 multicommunity development organizations (MDOs) sharing economic development resources found that MDOs with higher levels of job retention were in areas with low per-capita income and more manufacturing. MDOs with larger staffs and budgets were more successful at job creation and retention. Community size and MDO age also…

Uses concertive control theory to examine why members and workers identify so strongly with the Grameen ("rural") Bank, how the organization offers opportunities for empowerment, and how control systems operate within the bank account for its success. Examines how identification with the Grameen influences member and worker evaluation of…