In this qualitative phenomenological research, the perspectives of secondary school administrators regarding the tenets of standards-based grading were explored. This research sought to expand the knowledge of understanding the views held by secondary school administrators regarding grading practices as a means to further improve how student…

Soft skills (such as communication and collaboration) are rarely addressed in programming courses, mostly because they are difficult to teach, assess, and grade. A quantitative, modular, AI-based approach for assessing and grading students' collaboration has been examined in this article. The pedagogical underpinning of the approach includes a…

Grading approaches differ in undergraduate higher educational settings, but most often reflect traditional systems that support an unbalanced power dynamic that does not acknowledge or support continuous learning. These practices are then taken up by pre-service teachers and applied within their future classrooms with children. Using Critical…

This paper presents a qualitative, multisite comparative case study from two midwestern high schools investigating high school stakeholder perceptions of grading practices experienced while transitioning from a system that primarily utilized historical grading practices to a more contemporary, reformed system implementing an iteration of…

As a community of practice, educational psychologists are unpracticed in considering how educational policies might affect the phenomena they study. One reason is the traditional focus of educational psychology research on cross-contextual individual processes, to the practical exclusion of the political context that frames teaching, learning,…

Homework has been shown to provide positive impacts on student performance at the undergraduate level. Providing an incentive for students to complete homework assignments, however, can be challenging and result in grade inflation or promotion of a mentality where students attempt to collect points rather than use these assignments for feedback…

In science and engineering education, remote laboratories are designed to bring ubiquity to experimental scenarios, by having real laboratories operated through the Internet. Despite that remote laboratories enable the collection of students' work data, the educational use of these data is still underdeveloped. Learning analytics dashboards are…

Background: Automatically graded programming assignments provide instant feedback to students and significantly reduce manual grading time for instructors. However, creating comprehensive suites of test cases for programming problems within automatic graders can be time-consuming and complex. The effort needed to define test suites may deter some…

While the existing literature on collaborative writing has implied the benefits of its implementation in second language (L2) classrooms for students' language learning, the assessment of collaborative writing has received scant attention in both language assessment literature and L2 writing literature. This study proposes an assessment scheme…

This study examines the feasibility and potential advantages of using large language models, in particular GPT-4o, to perform partial credit grading of large numbers of student written responses to introductory level physics problems. Students were instructed to write down verbal explanations of their reasoning process when solving one conceptual…

Short answer assessment is a vital component of science education, allowing evaluation of students' complex three-dimensional understanding. Large language models (LLMs) that possess human-like ability in linguistic tasks are increasingly popular in assisting human graders to reduce their workload. However, LLMs' limitations in domain knowledge…

This analysis explores the essential criteria necessary to define standards-based grading (SBG) and to judge its effectiveness. Findings reveal that although many schools today are initiating SBG reforms, there's little consensus on what "standards-based grading" actually means. As a result, SBG implementation is widely inconsistent due…

Referencing a principle from author G.K. Chesterton (to not reform a policy unless you know its original purpose), Wiliam argues that before we make changes to long-established grading practices, we must know the reasons those practices are favored by many teachers, and what benefits the practice may have. He explores why three grading…

Online learning has grown due to the advancement of technology and flexibility. Online examinations measure students' knowledge and skills. Traditional question papers include inconsistent difficulty levels, arbitrary question allocations, and poor grading. The suggested model calibrates question paper difficulty based on student performance to…

A growing body of research has demonstrated that teachers' judgements may be biased by the demographics and characteristics of the students they teach. However, less work has investigated the contexts in which teachers may be most vulnerable to bias. In two pre-registered experimental studies we explored whether the quality of students' work, and…