Forty five-year-olds compared two arms of an L-shaped figure on-axis or perpendicular to axis inside circles of different diameters. In making perceptual judgments about the relative length, the children tended to describe the on-axis line as longer. The context model of visual anomalies was supported. (Author/CM)

In arguing that the earth circles the sun, Galileo adopted a mode of reasoning that led not only to his prosecution by the church but also to the scientific methodology of hypothesis testing. (Author/JN)

A path analytic model is hypothesized and tested to explain the effect of a series of intellective and nonintellective student attributes on high school achievement and college achievement. Patterns of predictability for male and female students are compared. (Author/GK)

Describes the basic philosophy, nomenclature, and techniques used in mathematical modelling to enable biologists, engineers, land managers, and others to understand the concepts and usefulness of models. Contrasts conceptual and empirical approaches, using ecosystem models as an example of the former. (DC)

A multitrait-multimethod (MTMM) analysis of alienation employed two personality constructs conceptually relevant to alienation: hostility and locus of control. MTMM analysis indicated that eight of 15 convergent validity coefficients were statistically significant; however, magnitude was small and Campbell-Fiske criteria were not satisfied…

Using reasonable values for the parameters in both null and alternative hypotheses about covariance matrices, an optimal and feasible combination of number of subjects, significance level, and power of the test were determined for an empirical study of the measurement of musical ability. (Author/BW)

Discusses the generalization of findings from analogue therapy research to the clinical situation. Rakover contends this leads to self-contradiction and lack of scientific progress and proposes theory testing. Kazdin suggests research to determine the relationship of analogue therapy to clinical practice. (JAC)

Discusses the theoretical premises of two experiments in early second language teaching undertaken in Sweden, the first labelled "English without a book", the second, "English in the preparatory school". Analyzes results from the first experiment which led to the decision to begin English instruction as early as grade three.…

Research in physical education has too often been a random process. The integration of past work with current theory is necessary for the advancement of exercise and sports models to the state of high logical density. (CJ)

Reporting assumptions, procedures, findings, and implications re the second year of a two-year study of moral education involving 411 secondary students and 13 teachers, this article indicates hypotheses concerning treatment group differences in distinguishing factoral and value claims and moral development were not confirmed. (JC)

Reviews case against using traditional statistical methods in educational research. Examines "fantasies" entertained by researchers about the meaning of statistical significance. Recommends abandoning statistical significance testing and suggests other ways of evaluating research results. Advocates a return to the scientific method of examining…

A total of 24 males in each of grades 7, 10, and college were asked to determine whether each of various pieces of information proved conclusively that a given hypothesis was always correct. Results suggested three sequences of qualitative change in hypothesis-testing ability. (JMB)

The paper evaluates the empirical and theoretical basis upon which several recent studies reject the hypothesis of a visual-perceptual deficit in reading disabilities. (Author)

The results of this study indicate that tobacco smoking may have a deleterious effect on the learning process. Those Ss who smoked in excess of 12 cigarettes per day did significantly less well, as a group, than nonsmokers and light smokers on three of the four learning tests. (Editor)

Compares the psychological development of bishops with priests, explores connections between psychological development and demographic variables as these relate to bishops, and summarizes clinical impressions based on the responses of the bishops to the Loyola Sentence Completion Blank for Clergymen (LSCBC). (Author/RK)