Proposes that narratives (stories) are a central factor in moral development. Discusses recent theoretical contributions of Bruner, Sarbin, Spence, and Tulving. Discusses the following aspects of moral development: (1) empathy; (2) caring and commitment; (3) interpersonal interaction; and (4) personal character and personality. Comments on…

This article identifies physical, psychological, and social obstacles that may block students' thinking ability. Guidelines are provided to help teachers uncover and overcome hidden obstacles. A glossary of thinking skills terms is included. (IAH)

Identified items from Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI) that differentiated eating-disordered women (n=173) currently receiving treatment for bulimia from non-eating-disordered university women (n=265). Results identified a list of statements related to social withdrawal and depression that may be appropriate for use in assessing a…

Examines reliability and validity of two versions of Hispanic Stress Inventory (HSI), a new instrument to assess psychosocial stress among Hispanic adults. Subscale scores found to correlate highly with criterion measures of distress. Tests showed internal consistency and supported HSI reliability. Need for further evaluation discussed. (TES)

The link between learning style and Jungian psychological type was assessed using 492 ninth graders attending a metropolitan high school. Various learning style inventories were administered. Canonical correlation procedures indicated the presence of 2 bipolar learning preferences characterized by a reflective learner/active learner…

Consideration of underlying neurological and psychological deficits suggests that the autistic syndrome results from the coexistence of at least two distinct constellations of functional impairments: deficits in mechanical language skills, as in the developmental dysphasias; and deficits in social relatedness, play, and nonverbal communication, as…

Compares the stress levels and reactions to stress of 804 female and 127 male college students and examines their relationship to self-esteem, confidence, and self-concept. Concludes that sex differences in dysfunctional reactions to stress are related to sex differences in self-concepts, whereas sex differences in areas of stress are not related…

Focuses on: (1) principles that underlie regulation of distress and negative emotions among infants and young children; and (2) developmental trends that occur during the first years of life. Discusses the role of caregivers. Offers ideas that lend themselves to hypothesis testing and empirical validation. (RH)

Study of the role of personality factors in health and disease suggests that motivational variables are related to and influence physiological systems. Affiliative trust and a greater sense of agency are associated with better health, while affiliative cynicism and a sense of helplessness are associated with more illness. (AF)

Investigates the perceived balance of control of negative caregiving outcomes in 2 studies involving 40 undergraduates and 40 mothers in counseling at a child abuse agency. Findings indicate that low perceived control is a potentially important moderator of negative affect in response to difficult children. (RJC)

A case study of a primary school principal in New South Wales (Australia) was conducted using a physiological device, the Stephens Tissue Perfusion Monitor, to measure the levels of stress associated with various situations encountered by the principal. Study identified 14 categories of "uplifts" that assist principals in lowering stress…

Implications for suicide prevention efforts are examined. It is concluded that psychiatric treatment of depression and restricting access to lethal methods for suicide are more useful tactics for suicide prevention programs in elderly, and crisis counseling from suicide prevention centers and educational programs are more useful in younger adults.…

Of 47 help-seeking, adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse, 69% were found to meet criteria for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Significant correlations were found between several overall exposure measures and PTSD diagnostic status and the intensity of PTSD symptomatology. (Author/JDD)

Sleep patterns of 103 institutionalized individuals with profound mental retardation were explored. Almost 40% were found to have short-sleep patterns. Short-sleep was predicted by blindness; nonshort-sleep was predicted by diagnosis of cerebral palsy and sodium valproate usage. Techniques for minimizing possible negative consequences of…

Nine adult males with mental retardation resulting from Fragile X syndrome were compared to males with mental retardation of other etiology. Fragile X males showed a distinct psychological profile with more autistic features, more schizoid features, and more schizotypal features. These males were also more shy, more socially withdrawn, less…