Questions of reference, which occur in those situations in which the function or meaning of a name or description is at issue, cannot be answered by a purely semantic theory but need to be supported by aspects of a theory of pragmatics. This report investigates the implications of direct and indirect reference in language, concludes that a…

Defines the word republic and reviews its varied usage in social science writings. The author maintains that introduction of methodological devices into social science research has been accompanied by a tendency to avoid clear definition of key words. (Author/DB)

The article states a need for two kins of educational research and evaluation, one which derives from scientific methodology and one which derives from aesthetic and humanistic criticism. (CD)

This paper investigates the address avoidance of second person personal pronouns in Swedish in terms of language universals and the relationship between deviation from a universal linguistic feature and social structural change. Available from Liber Laeromedel, Box 1205, S-22105 Lund, Sweden. (Author)

Discusses the study of colloquial Spanish in literary texts. Presents an annotated list of Spanish colloquial expressions extracted from "Paralelo 40" by Jose Luis Castillo-Puche. (Text is in Spanish.) (TL)

This article discusses the various types of expression of emphasis used for nominals in a variety of languages: raising or alteration of the voice, word order, use of a morpheme for an emphatic function, and nominalization of a part of the sentence not being emphasized. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

Defines personae as the imaginary and fictive being implied by and embedded in a literary or dramatic work and contends that personae are discoverable in every scientific discourse. (MH)

Reports that most collective behavior events reported in the New York "Times" are described in terms of emotionality and anonymity of membership and are alleged to be violent and spontaneous, and that there are significant rank-order correlations between the reported presence of control agents, reported violence, and attributions of spontaneity.…

Presents current items about the teaching of writing that "every department head ought to know," and suggests some reasons why the teaching of writing might be a personally rewarding intellectual experience. (Author/GT)

Discusses the accomplishments, or lack of accomplishments, of linguistics to date and makes suggestions for the improvement of linguistics' contribution to the study and teaching of American English. (Available from the University of Alabama Press, Periodicals Department, P.O. Box 2877, University, Alabama 35486.) (AM)

A response to the statement of the Conference on College Composition and Communication on "Students' Right to Their Own Language," based on comparison of the writing and talking processes. (DD)

Texts using actual current language are highly motivating, but they demand considerable knowledge of the language. "Authentic" language--regional, technical, or sociologically conditioned--need not be scorned. Even the written style merits attention. (IFS/WGA)

The dynamics of Mexican American nationalism reflected in the publications of the Academia de la Nueva Raza and in a 1971 work by Ricardo Sanchez are examined in this article. The connection between language and ideology is discussed in the context of Chicano nationalist writing. (GC)

A model for teaching writing, which takes into account different kinds of school writing and a combination of oral and writing skills, is suggested. (Author/AM)

Discusses the movement toward androgyny based upon and fostered by an increasing societal emphasis upon "femininity" in its maternal (as opposed to its heterosexual) aspects. Argues that the masculine paradigm promotes differentiation between the sexes, especially the sex objectification of women. (Author/RK)