The second language learner cannot be expected to have as strong a drive to refine his language as the first language learner. In first language acquisition, cognitive development and language development occur together, which induces meaningful generalizations. In second language learning, meaning and form are separate, particularly in the…

A theoretical linguistic model is insufficient to deal with the problems of language teaching because of the complexity of the phenomena concerned and the dynamic nature of language acquisition and communication. Most linguistic models neglect the fact that, in communicative situations, language users construct the prerequisites of communicative…

Factors that influence college students' motivation for learning are discussed. When difficult assignments seem unconnected to any highly regarded outcome, students view them as another hurdle to be jumped to receive a good grade. Three influences that enhance intrinsic motivation are choice, optimum challenge, and positive feedback. In general,…

This programmatic series of three studies compares, in British and Hungarian secondary schools, two contrasting conceptualizations of motivation and successively relates them to approaches to learning and studying and then to indices of self-concept and attributions of success and failure. The first conceptualization was developed in Hungary and…

This report is a comprehensive account of the accumulated research on the measurement of quality of effort and its significance in understanding the achievement of college students with regard to the College Student Experiences questionnaire (Pace, 1979). Results are based on the responses of 12,000 undergraduate students from 40 different…

Part of a collection of papers commissioned by Foundations (a project designed to determine the career development needs of deaf postsecondary students), the paper reviews research on student motivation. The first section addresses research on normally hearing students in classrooms with different motivational orientations. Advantages and…

The learning assistance counselor at the college level should facilitate learning for students who have not developed their cognitive and literacy skills. To enrich the process of discovery in student learning, the counselor can direct students in the following textbook activities: practicing basic syllabifying skills on technical and scientific…

Part II of a 3-part report. See also AA 501 768, AA 501 770, AA 501 771, and AA 501 772.

This report examined adult learning principles which were developed through an analysis and synthesis of the literature in adult education, andragogy, teaching and learning, and other related fields. The report consists of six sections. The first section deals with background assumptions relevant to the field of adult education and adult learning.…

To determine whether adults who were grouped according to selected variables differed in their reasons for participating in education programs, the Educational Participation Scale was administered to 322 part-time adult students. Focus was on age, sex, institution, level of educational attainment, and occupational groupings. The responses were…

A BLOCK TEACHING PROJECT BRINGING TOGETHER 100 STUDENTS AND 7 FACULTY MEMBERS, COVERING 6 AREAS OF SUBJECT MATTER FOR A TOTAL OF 12 CREDIT HOURS PER QUARTER FOR 3 QUARTERS, WAS SET UP. THE SUBJECT MATTER WAS MADE UP OF HISTORY OF WESTERN CIVILIZATION (3 CREDIT HOURS PER QUARTER), WORLD LITERATURE (3 CREDIT HOURS PER QUARTER), ENGLISH COMPOSITION…

ALTHOUGH THE LINGUISTS, PSYCHOLOGISTS, AND TEACHERS WHO HAVE STRESSED THE HABITUAL ASPECTS OF LANGUAGE HAVE MADE MANY USEFUL CONTRIBUTIONS TO LINGUISTIC RESEARCH AND LANGUAGE TEACHING, THERE STILL REMAIN SOME BASIC PROBLEMS. WITH THE PSYCHOLOGIST, PEDAGOGUE, SOCIOLOGIST, AND ANTHROPOLOGIST, THE LINGUIST MUST ATTACK THE GROUP OF PROBLEMS ASSOCIATED…

TWO PAPERS ARE INCLUDED IN THIS BULLETIN. THE MILTON SCHWARTZ PAPER, "THEORIES OF MOTIVATION AND THEIR APPLICATION TO ADULT EDUCATION," SURVEYS THE THINKING, RESEARCH, AND CONCLUSIONS OF SOME OF THE LEADING FIGURES CONCERNED WITH SOCIAL MOTIVATION. THE AUTHOR ATTEMPTS TO CLASSIFY THESE THEORIES BY GENERATING A TWO-DIMENSIONAL SCHEMA OF…

AN INVESTIGATION WAS UNDERTAKEN TO DETERMINE HOW THE RESPONSE FROM JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS WAS AFFECTED BY THEIR EXPOSURE TO MOTION PICTURE VERSIONS OF SHORT STORIES. THE RESEARCH WAS DIRECTED TOWARD DETERMINING WHETHER FILMS CAN BE USED TO ENHANCE THE TEACHING OF LITERATURE. THREE HYPOTHESES WERE TESTED--(1) STUDENTS WHO VIEW A FILM VERSION…

A study examined the reasons for and the timing of adult learning. A national sample of almost 2000 American age 25 or older were interviewed face-to-face or by telephone. Questions examined the causes and timing of adult learning and the procedures used by adults to meet their learning objectives. Examination of the characteristics of learners…