A single-step maximum likelihood estimation procedure is developed for multidimensional scaling of dissimilarity data measured on rating scales. The procedure can fit the euclidian distance model to the data under various assumptions about category widths and under two distributional assumptions. Practical uses of the method are demonstrated.…

A nonparametric test of dispersion with paired replicates data is described which involves jackknifing logarithmic transformations of the ratio of variance estimates for the pre- and posttreatment populations. Results from a simulation show that the test performs well under the null hypothesis and has good power properties. (Author/JKS)

Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of a solution of the so-called "unconditional" and the "conditional" maximum-likelihood estimation equations in the dichotomous Rasch model are given. It is shown how to apply the results in practical uses of the Rasch model. (Author/JKS)

In the case of dichotomous decisions, the total set of all assumptions/specifications for which the decision would have been the same is the robustness region. Inspection of this (data-dependent) region is a form of sensitivity analysis which may lead to improved decision making. (Author/BW)

Simple Markov models are fitted to a small sample of longitudinal categorical data of teachers' ratings of children's classroom behavior. Although the data consist only of observations at five occasions, it was possible, after dividing the data into two groups, to fit plausible models in continuous time. (Author/BW)

Applies the methods used in the analysis of input-output tables to the study of interdependence among the different subdivisions of organizations. (Author/IRT)

Develops a goal programing model for achieving racial balance in segregated public schools. The model is illustrated and offered as an improvement on linear programing, a model previously applied that allows only a single objective function and requires more variables and constraints than goal programing does. (Author/IRT)

The population ecology view that variation in sets or clusters of organizations should be isomorphic with variation in cluster environment was used to explain structural variation among hospital clusters. Cluster differentiation seems to be casually affected by range of services, average hospital size, and the periodic closing of hospitals.…

Argues that the traditional district power equalization (DPE) grant formula achieves horizontal equity, that the formula must be modified when the measure of fiscal capacity differs from the legal tax base, and that the inclusion of a tax exporting variable leads to the breakdown of horizontal equity. (Author/IRT)

The partial correlation coefficient is derived analytically under exemplary factor patterns. In these patterns, variables are described as an additive composition of a set of orthogonal factors, including general, common, and specific factors. Viewed in this framework, it is evident that the partial correlation may yield spurious results.…

A statistical analysis procedure is developed, based on the notion that many educational programs are dynamic interventions in natural growth processes, and is called value-added analysis. The theory of value-added analysis, and several applications are presented. (Author/JKS)

Data evolving from processes which are developmental or hierarchical in nature are often analyzed by using latent class or latent structure models. A procedure for estimating such models when the model is not "identifiable" is presented. (JKS)

Huynh (1976) suggested a method of approximating the reliability coefficient of a mastery test. The present study examines the accuracy of Huynh's approximation and also describes a computationally simpler approximation which appears to be generally more accurate than the former. (Author/RL)

When sample sizes and/or X intervals are unequal, the analysis of variance computations for trend analysis become quite complicated. This article shows how multiple regression/correlation analysis may be applied in order to accomplish with great simplicity trend analysis under "irregular" conditions. (Author/RL)

If heterogeneous regression slopes are present in analysis of covariance (ANCOVA), the likelihood of committing a Type I error is greater than what had been prespecified. The power of the ANCOVA test of hypothesis for all possible differences of treatment effects is not maximized. (Author/RL)