The role of the teacher is viewed as that of a decision maker and problem solver. It is pointed out that in daily work teachers must deal not only with planning lessons, selecting educational materials, initiating activities suitable for students of different abilities and motivating students, but also must deal with discipline, parent-school…

This selected bibliography lists 489 monographs, articles, and reports dealing with reasoning skills and their applications to social science problems. These citations, representing those items acquired by the Center for Reasoning Studies at Piedmont Technical College, include theoretical works on problem-solving, values education,…

Problem-solving performance and goal-setting behavior were investigated in 156 undergraduates who, on Mehrabian's Achievement Scales, demonstrated either the motive to approach success or the motive to avoid failure. Different expectations of success or failure were induced by fictitious preperformance information. The degree of success or failure…

A comparative analysis of two decision making strategies was conducted. One strategy compared alternatives on their best attributes for "the best payoff," while the other strategy called for accepting the first alternative that achieved all minimum cutoff values for all attributes. The subjects, 211 college students, selected a mayoral preference…

The book examines the historical background of and accomplishments in seven global problem areas. It is hypothesized that effective management within today's framework is the only way to progress toward the political and economic order that is necessary to assure peace and security, justice, and human rights, and to improve the quality of life. It…

This curriculum program is intended to promote the development of primary grade children's ability to think. A number of learning activities or tasks are presented along with the teaching strategy to be used in implementing them. The first part of the book describes aspects of the teaching strategy, including selecting activities, preparing for…

AN ADDRESS FOR CLASSROOM TEACHERS IS PRESENTED WHICH CONSIDERS THE NATURE OF COMPREHENSION AND THE PROCESSES INVOLVED IN TEACHING CHILDREN TO COMPREHEND WHAT THEY READ. A REVIEW OF THE RESEARCH ON COMPREHENSION SINCE 1960 IS GIVEN. THE FOLLOWING TOPICS ARE DISCUSSED--THE PROCESS OF COMPREHENDING, THE KINDS OF COMPREHENSION, THE RELATIONSHIP…

OVER 40 ARTICLES AND STUDIES RELATED TO THE PIAGETIAN THEORY OF COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT ARE CRITICALLY REVIEWED AS A BASIS FOR SUGGESTING APPLICATIONS OF THE THEORY TO EDUCATIONAL EVALUATION. PIAGET'S CONCEPTS ARE ANALYZED WITHIN TWO BROAD CATEGORIES, THE STAGE OF CONCRETE OPERATIONS, FROM APPROXIMATELY SEVEN TO 11 YEARS OF AGE, AND THE STAGE OF…

THE MAIN ADVANTAGE OF THE PROGRAM EVALUATION AND REVIEW TECHNIQUE (PERT) IS THE PROVISION OF A GRAPHIC MODEL OF ACTIVITIES WITH ESTIMATES OF THE TIME, RESOURCES, PERSONNEL, AND FACILITIES NECESSARY TO ACCOMPLISH A SEQUENCE OF INTERDEPENDENT ACTIVITIES, AS IN PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION. A PERT MODEL CAN ALSO IMPROVE COMMUNICATION BETWEEN PERSONS AND…

A RESEARCH AND GUIDANCE LABORATORY WAS SET UP AT THE UNIVERSITY OF WISCONSIN. THE SUBJECTS WERE SUPERIOR STUDENTS CHOSEN FROM OVER A HUNDRED WISCONSIN HIGH SCHOOLS. THE STUDENTS WERE TESTED AND COUNSELED AT LEAST ONCE A YEAR FROM NINTH GRADE THROUGH GRADUATION. THE LABORATORY PERMITTED EXHAUSTIVE STUDIES ON THE CHARACTERISTICS, DEVELOPMENT, AND…

SEVERAL PROBLEMS WHICH ARISE WITH THE USE OF FILM AND TELEVISION IN INSTRUCTION WERE INVESTIGATED. STUDY CONSIDERATIONS WERE FOCUSED ON DIFFERENTIATION BETWEEN RELEVANT AND IRREVELANT LEARNING BY COMPARING LABORATORY TEACHING TECHNIQUES FOR AN ENGINEERING COURSE WITH FILM PRESENTATIONS OF THE SAME MATERIAL. THERE WERE NO OVERALL SIGNIFICANT…

A study sought to determine the feasibility of the COMP/ACT objective test, a competency battery, as a measure of ability to function effectively in adult roles. (Using stimulus materials from many different courses, such as broadcasts and television documentaries, the test measures six skill areas, including communicating, problem solving, and…

Systematic investigations have verified the existence of a number of behavioral manifestations of the "Type A" behavior pattern. For example, brief exposure to salient uncontrollable stress has led to enhanced performance by Type A's on a subsequent task, whereas prolonged exposure has lead to performance deterioration. The ongoing experiences of…

Socio-psychological research concerning the relationship between attributions and coping with negative events unrelated to marriage suggests two constructs, blame and perceived control, which may influence conflict resolution in marriage. Married women (N=32) were interviewed in an investigation of attributions of control and blame for marital…

This investigation used a clinical interview technique to identify the difficulties of kindergarten children who are unable to develop models or representations of simple arithmetic story problems. It is hypothesized that effective human problem solvers first generate some type of "physical model" and use this model to create a…