Examination of a new type of speech developing among students at the University of Yaounde reveals a highly coded usage that cuts outsiders off through the use of highly metaphorical, playful, and hermetic words that come from various sources and are reassigned different or refreshing meanings and the use of colorful expressions, word-blending,…

Semantic context and keyword treatment conditions facilitated recall of a German word to fit a German context sentence on immediate and delayed tests for 140 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee students taking first- or second-year German. For second-year students, context treatment facilitated recall of an English word when given the German word.…

Debate over the role of sexist language in promoting or denying equal job opportunities is examined, especially in institutions of higher education. It is concluded that the view that use of certain words leads to unfair discrimination is based on untenable theories of meaning, making policies for regulation of language indefensible. (Author/MSE)

Considers how metaphor's central position in the structure of language, its contribution to concept development, and its cognitive functions endow it with properties uniquely combined to assist in the learning of grammar and vocabulary. Frames of reference based on metaphor are well placed to simplify instruction and encourage learner…

Examined the intonation of second-language speakers of English from three language groups--Spanish, Japanese, and Thai--focusing on how native nonnative speakers use intonation to signal meaning in the structure of their discourse. Results revealed that nonnative speakers did not consistently use pitch to signal meaningful contrasts in many…

How the organization of knowledge influences scientific reasoning was studied as 132 college students completed a selection task with familiar or unfamiliar semantic content and interclause relationships expressing or not expressing entailment. Results support a constructivist view of reasoning emphasizing the importance of organization of…

Videotapes of simultaneous communication users were analyzed by three sign language professionals. Successful simultaneous communication was characterized by clear lip movement, fingerspelling of ambiguous signs, eye contact, communication of mood and attitude, modality match, and grammatical facial expression. Matching the semantically…

Measures the extent to which students' reactions to usage errors changed as a result of having completed a business communication course. Finds that student reactions to usage errors can be positively affected by completion of a business communication class that does not have a formal basic skills development unit. (PRA)

Important characteristics of lexical databases and their applications in information retrieval and natural language processing are explained. An ongoing project using various machine-readable sources to build a lexical database is described, and detailed designs of individual entries with examples are included. (Contains 66 references.) (EAM)

Describes a study of students in grades two through eight that was conducted to determine the potential existence of a developmental sequence of specific association types among children and the implications for the design of interactive hypermedia materials. Highlights include schema theory; word associations; and semantic mapping and concept…

The impact of interestingness and "narrativity" on comprehension, attention, and reading speed and the role of topic familiarity were studied for 16 college students in psychology classes and 8 from engineering classes who read excerpts from psychology and engineering texts. Results support schema-based comprehension theory. (SLD)

Evaluated the distinctiveness, independence, and relative time courses of the event-related brain potentials (ERPs) elicited by syntactically and semantically anomalous words. ERPs were recorded while subjects read sentences, some of which contained a selectional restriction violation, a verb-tense violation, or a doubly anomalous word that…

The prototype effects in understanding unfamiliar meanings and usage in a polysemous word, "play," are examined. The learners use prototypical meanings as a referential point to understand peripheral meanings. (Author/VWL)

A comparison of the performance of children (ages 6-12) with visual impairments (n=15) and sighted children (n=15) on two tasks involving inferences found some differences between the two groups when the information was visual, but not when it was nonvisual. Visual impairment affected some aspects of a word association task. (Contains references.)…

Examines development of verb structures in the multiword combinations of two Korean learners, starting from 15 months of age when both children produced their first word combination. (Author/VWL)