Growing school systems in Montreal and Toronto (Canada) between 1861 and 1881 offered radically different opportunities to men and women. Educational administrators developed bureaucratic modes of organization chiefly with male aspirations for power and social mobility in mind. Women were hired to fill the bottom ranks or were ignored altogether.…

This paper analyzes rural school resistance to a federally funded intervention program aimed at increasing college attendance and success among students from historically marginalized groups. One such program ("Start Up") is currently being implemented in a geographically isolated South Carolina school district with high minority…

This paper presents a contextual framework for analysis of Hispanic leadership in higher education and reviews the demographics of Hispanic college presidents, their challenges, and related leadership issues. It can be argued that Hispanic leadership in higher education brings a socially marginalized experience that, by emphasizing social justice,…

The politics of education is driven by a complex interrelationship among politicians, private foundations, teachers' unions, special-interest groups, school administrators, boards of education, courts, and the "knowledge industry." Chapter 1 focuses on the major actors in the politics of education, and chapter 2 analyzes the…

In North Carolina, legislation giving health insurance to children of modest-income working families was won because a broad coalition of over 100 organizations got the attention of lawmakers. Because all children benefitted, rural children benefited, but a few groups pushing for health insurance for just rural children would not have gotten their…

This paper examines the mentoring relationship between preservice and practicing teachers, noting the importance of using a formal agreement to enhance the process. This agreement helps avoid the problem of conflicting expectations between the two parties. Information for the paper comes from case studies derived from mentoring student teachers…

This paper describes the development and implementation of the Practice-Based Professional Improvement Project, a teacher-led high school improvement project that has improved academic success at several inner-city high schools in Nashville, Tennessee. The project believes that: teachers are key to school improvement; most teachers sincerely want…

The difficulties encountered in developing an innovative teacher education program, emphasizing educational equity, are analyzed. Fluctuating membership in the program development group and an overly open decision-making process led to conflict over who would make decisions and what problems would be addressed. (IS)

General West German educational policy does not seem to influence application of new educational technology, which seems more dependent on the commitment of individual teachers, students, parents, and administrators. In addition, federal-state power structure influences related school funding and curriculum development. (Author/MSE)

The issue is no longer whether control of teacher education will shift away from institutions of higher education, but to what extent, and to which of the interest groups now vying for control of major program components it will shift to. The impact of potential changes in preservice and inservice teacher education, field experiences,…

Using examples from California, the author analyzes the increasing trend for states to assume a guiding or dominant role over local school districts in important aspects of American education. He considers the main reasons for this trend to be public concern over academic standards and the increasing cost of education. (Editor/SJL)

Problems for boards, presidents and the professoriate are cited and some strategies for dealing with them are suggested. Some pressures are identified, including adaptation of institutional structures and curricula to needs of the individual and society; and the admission, retention, and graduation of women, minority, low-income and disadvantaged…

A literature review indicates that females comprise 18% of practicing pharmacists and 33% of pharmacy students; male pharmacists represent the highest status; female pharmacists are less career-oriented than female physicians; and the increasing percentage of females entering pharmacy may not result in gains in status. (MH)

Notes that within certain spheres of international English language education, active student participation is seen as central to the "good" lesson and successful conference. Argues that this idea of participation is generated by a discourse of power belonging to a particular culture of professionalism and that it is ethnocentric and…

Summarizes proceedings and discussion at the National Association of College and University Business Officers' November 1997 conference on the adverse effects of state requirements and practices on institutional effectiveness. Attendees included campus leaders, state legislators, corporate representatives, and state administrators. Central issues…