A powerholder may influence a target individual on the basis of reward, coercive, legitimate, referent, expert, or informational power. To determine the effects of compliance outcome and basis of power on the powerholder-target relationship, 108 undergraduates read six scenarios in which a powerholder influenced a target. An expected interaction…

The purpose of the project described in this report was to develop an instrument that would measure the zones of indifference of teachers to typical directives issued by administrators. Zones of indifference describe the extent to which people will respond to orders or directives issued by authority figures. The following procedures were followed…

Chapter 6 in a volume on school leadership, this chapter makes a case for the use of participative decision-making (PDM) at the school-site level, outlines guidelines for its implementation, and describes the experiences of some schools with PDM systems. It begins by citing research indicating the advantages of PDM, including better decisions,…

This project sought to meet documented Army training needs through the application of system analytic procedures. When doctrine, regulations, and school organization were investigated, it was found that regulations were clear and comprehensive, but that school organization lacked a clear training evaluation component. During the project, the Army…

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to an understanding of the causes of the restriction of women from positions of authority in the workplace. Ascertained is the extent to which the sex gap in authority can be explained by the following three factors: (1) women's qualifications; (2) the attitudes and behaviors of employers; and (3) the…

A tentative conceptual framework for understanding the transnational political role of universities is presented. This framework categorizes university participation in a large international political system and an important international knowledge system that is part of the larger and interactive: the institutional, local/national, and…

This paper presents an analysis of the "adjacent curriculum," a term defined as that knowledge that is organizational in origin and that is transmitted to the organization's members for the purpose of maintaining the organization as an abstract but functional entity. This "curriculum" consists of such material as conduct codes, evaluation forms,…

Suggestions are made for creating healthy working relationships within a college administration and for improving the administrator's ability to cope with college politics. After introductory material examining the difficulty some educators, especially women, experience in utilizing power and politics to achieve desired goals, the report discusses…

A STUDY OF ADMINISTRATOR AND FACULTY PERCEPTION OF UNIVERSITY GOALS WAS DEVELOPED UTILIZING A QUESTIONNAIRE MAILED TO ALL ADMINISTRATIVE PERSONNEL AND TO A 10 PERCENT SAMPLE OF THE FACULTY MEMBERS OF 68 UNIVERSITIES. THE UNIVERSITIES WERE SELECTED BY CRITERIA WHICH INCLUDED THE GRANTING OF DOCTORAL DEGREES IN AT LEAST THREE OF FOUR FIELDS…

Facing declining enrollment, loss of state funds, and decreasing public confidence, the Salt Lake City Schools found several groups demanding a voice in the decision-making process. A plan for shared governance was implemented. Representatives of the teachers' association, the administrative association, and the classified employees' association…

The communicative skills of listening and nondefensive negotiation for understanding rather than persuasive tactics for coercion are emphasized in this discussion as crucial in helping people deal with the tremendous amount of information received daily. The paper describes some conceptual interconnections between information, communication, and…

In the late 1960's, especially after the 1964 Berkeley movement, numerous power blocks joined in the struggle for control of US universities. The range of demands on the higher education system serve to separate the competing groups into 4 general categories. The Anarchist Left, or radicals, comprises about 5% of the total college student…

The controversy surrounding the Chinese film "Pioneers" is analyzed and presented as a case study of a film caught in the recent two-line struggle in literature and art in the People's Republic of China. Within the history of the arts in China, there has been a difference of opinion between those in favor of the continued portrayal of…

This paper presents some initial work on a general theory of being and society, using power as the dynamic principle. Power is used to explain individual, group, and institutional behavior as well as the statics and dynamics of societies. The paper is addressed especially to educators because education is shown to be education in power.…

This is a comparative study of university control in Sweden and the United States with particular attention to the question of what difference it makes as to which segment of the university community controls a particular aspect of university life and university function. It is an exploration of the problem of the relationship between the…