The roles of scientists, scientific institutions, and the scientific mode of thought are examined in relation to the status of their impact on major questions of public policy. (KM)

A new operational measure of span of control is proposed in order to develop a common language of measurement that will facilitate an understanding of organizational structure. (Author)

The effect of political influences on the allocation of personnel, money, facilities, and equipment by elementary school principals is discussed in this paper. The use of Zald's political economy framework as a tool for understanding the principal's role in allocating resources is described by the author. He suggests that the principal occupies a…

The lack of administrative power causes concern today when the outstanding issues in higher education are concerned with questions of student, faculty or other kinds of power. The position that leadership takes in resolving these issues determines whether they become more or less explosive. There is no guaranteed formula for solving the complex…

In this address, the speaker examines several different types of organization (charismatic, traditional, bureaucratic, and task-oriented) and the role of the leader in each. In the modern, task-oriented system, his role can hardly be generalized as decision-making, direction and control, problem-solving, inspiration, communication, or any other…

Teacher perceptions of authority structures in three types of schools were studied. Teachers at Multiunit schools, Individually Prescribed Instruction (IPI) schools, and control schools were questioned as to who made certain decisions and what was the nature of the relationships of the people involved in a particular decision. This report…

Questionnaire responses from 200 participants in a national administrator conference group indicate that secondary administrators perceive issues related to their control of the school organization as critical to their welfare in the team management approach. (Author/MLF)

"Reciprocity," a social simulation game based on exchange theory, was developed to study dynamics of power relationships in the context of marriage and the family. The manner in which Reciprocity may be used to study power in family relationships is illustrated in terms of a husband-wife and a parent-teen version. (Author)

Supervisors daily face the dilemma of authority. As middle-management personnel, they have two commitments: to the achievement and survival concerns of educational organizations, and to human concerns that revolve around the feelings, worth, and independence of human beings. (Author)

The purpose of this essay is to urge development of a theoretical perspective that links the study of internal control to that of external power relations and, in doing this, to make clear the necessary elements of such a perspective. (Author)

All educational authority is not contained within the schoolyard fence. Education and re-education are processes in which the authority underlying not just knowledge of things, but value orientations and even self-identity, should be created by communities that are much more enclusive than the profession of education. (CB)

A strong conservative current underlies much of what is currently said about authority in schooling. Educational authority should be rooted in the ideal of democratic social transformation, a function it cannot have when conceived of more narrowly in terms of institutional heirarchy and stability. (CB)

Nationalistic behavior represents the core of current world problems. We need to cultivate an alternative value system--one that reflects the implications of living on a planet where the means of existence are finite and where those means have to be carefully tended in order for our species to survive. (RM)

The author states that we must inquire deeply into the supports of liberty; these supports being the factor of power in its several overt forms, the facts of geography, the rule of law, interest in the general welfare, and knowledge of the nature of man. (CT)