Every society experiences migration and influxes of immigrants. The most common reasons for migration include political and economic obligations as well as wishing access to better educational opportunities. Although the concept of migration is as old as human history, Turkish society encountered the concept after World War II. Two million Turkish…

The relation of language of instruction and vocabulary to the English spelling of bilingual first graders receiving either English or Spanish literacy instruction and of monolinguals in English literacy instruction was explored. Only bilingual students in Spanish literacy instruction (SLI) exhibited Spanish-influenced spelling, indicating a…

Keeping in mind the Chinese character-combination "yuyan," with its multiple meanings of language, parts of language, the processes of language, and the products of those processes, the author depicts English as kept alive by many people and by many different ways of using it in a wide range of personal, social, and historical contexts.…

African schools rarely present instruction in the students' native languages. The language of instruction tends to be of European origin. What results is a civilized elite which is unsuccessful in bringing knowledge to the vast majority of the population. A project in Cameroon proposes to teach through extensive trilingualism. First, children…

The role and status of English instruction in Iraq is outlined. The role of English in Iraq as a whole, English instruction within the educational system, teacher qualifications, instructional materials, English instruction outside the educational system, British and American support for English instruction in Iraq, and the status of English…

A teacher's manual was developed for an elementary level science course in Spanish as part of an immersion program for English speaking children. The Level A manual is designed for kindergarten and grade 1 pupils. The five units cover the basic concepts of the weather, colors, animals, plants, and the five senses. Each unit includes vocabulary,…

The relationship between schooling in the English language abroad and the subsequent acculturation and attainments of Hispanic and Asian immigrants to the United States was investigated. Data were obtained from the 1976 Survey of Income and Education. For the analysis, educational background factors were related to socioeconomic and language…

The Lau Remedies, federal recommendations to help school districts comply with the law in providing education for non-English-speaking children, raised questions of language assessment and resulted in a variety of language tests. Four years later, an examination of 46 currently available language tests, in the context of commonly accepted notions…

This digest provides a history of American bilingual education in Spanish from the late 1950's onward, to help educators serve Mexican American students. From 1958 to 1968 curriculum reforms influenced by the launch of Sputnik combined with an influx of Spanish-speaking immigrants from Cuba to effect development of bilingual programs in south…

Information is presented on a study determining the degree to which international graduate students studying in the United States reported different systems of motivation. The relationships between the postulated systems of motivation and self-perceptions of adequacy of language in academic study and in the broader life of the cultures were…

The final report of a workshop convened by UNESCO is presented. The objective of the workshop was to formulate a conceptual framework for language instruction in a multicultural context that would be in harmony with the aspirations and interests of the population of individual countries and that would contribute to bringing national communities…

A study investigated the questioning strategies of teachers engaged in reading instruction of either Anglo children learning to read in English (Anglo teachers) or of Spanish speaking children learning to read in both Spanish and English (bilingual teachers). Three first grade and three third grade Anglo teachers and three first grade and five…

This article discusses bilingual education programs for Canadian Indians. Four different systems are described: the informal, complementary, transitional, and bimodular, the general conclusion being that bilingual education for Canadian Indians is basically disorganized. (Text is in French.) (CLK)

This examination of Christian education in India traces its history and development with focus on traditional goals and present objectives, including teaching rather than indoctrination, service to the nation, and the promotion of social justice. Also explored are some common criticisms. They are westernization, proselytism, and elitism. (JMD)

A discussion of a study concerned with the French-speaking Quebecker's overall life adjustment which, in Quebec, is largely determined by the language of one's schooling. The hypotheses connecting self-esteem with deprivation are not confirmed. The hypotheses regarding culture are confirmed, and those regarding interaction with English-speaking…