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Peer reviewed
Direct linkBooth, Amy E. – Cognition, 2008
We asked whether infants are sensitive to causal relations between objects and outcomes and whether this sensitivity supports categorization. Fourteen- and 18-month-old infants were familiarized with objects from a novel category. For some, the objects caused an electronic toy to activate. For others, the objects were present during activation of…
Descriptors: Infants, Toys, Classification, Influences
Raymer, Anastasia M.; Beeson, Pelagie; Holland, Audrey; Kendall, Diane; Maher, Lynn M.; Martin, Nadine; Murray, Laura; Rose, Miranda; Thompson, Cynthia K.; Turkstra, Lyn; Altmann, Lori; Boyle, Mary; Conway, Tim; Hula, William; Kearns, Kevin; Rapp, Brenda; Simmons-Mackie, Nina; Gonzalez Rothi, Leslie J. – Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, 2008
Purpose: In this article, the authors encapsulate discussions of the Language Work Group that took place as part of the Workshop in Plasticity/NeuroRehabilitation Research at the University of Florida in April 2005. Method: In this narrative review, they define neuroplasticity and review studies that demonstrate neural changes associated with…
Descriptors: Investigations, Aphasia, Speech Therapy, Workshops
Lee, Chia-lin; Federmeier, Kara D. – Brain and Language, 2008
Electrophysiological techniques were used to assess the generalizability of concreteness effects on word processing across word class (nouns and verbs) and different types of lexical ambiguity (syntactic only and combined syntactic/semantic). The results replicated prior work in showing an enhanced N400 response and a sustained frontal negativity…
Descriptors: Semantics, Verbs, Nouns, Figurative Language
Reinke, Karen; Fernandes, Myra; Schwindt, Graeme; O'Craven, Kathleen; Grady, Cheryl L. – Brain and Language, 2008
The functional specificity of the brain region known as the Visual Word Form Area (VWFA) was examined using fMRI. We explored whether this area serves a general role in processing symbolic stimuli, rather than being selective for the processing of words. Brain activity was measured during a visual 1-back task to English words, meaningful symbols…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Brain, Geometric Concepts, Cognitive Processes
Oppenheimer, Daniel M.; Frank, Michael C. – Cognition, 2008
Fluency--the ease with which people process information--is a central piece of information we take into account when we make judgments about the world. Prior research has shown that fluency affects judgments in a wide variety of domains, including frequency, familiarity, and confidence. In this paper, we present evidence that fluency also plays a…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Layout (Publications)
Hung, Yi-hui; Hung, Daisy L.; Tzeng, Ovid J.-L.; Wu, Denise H. – Cognition, 2008
The spatial component of numerical and ordinal information has been explored in previous research. However, how such mapping emerges and how it is affected by the learning experience are issues still under debate. In the current study, we examined the orientation of the mental number line for different numerical notations in Chinese readers. Our…
Descriptors: Learning Experience, Numbers, Number Concepts, Cognitive Processes
Koch, Severine; Holland, Rob W.; van Knippenberg, Ad – Cognition, 2008
In two studies, the regulatory function of approach-avoidance cues in activating cognitive control processes was investigated. It was hypothesized that avoidance motor actions, relative to approach motor actions, increase the recruitment of cognitive resources, resulting in better performance on tasks that draw on these capacities. In Study 1,…
Descriptors: Cues, Cognitive Processes, Task Analysis, Motor Reactions
Sweller, John – Educational Psychologist, 2008
David C. Geary's thesis has the potential to alter our understanding of those aspects of human cognition relevant to instruction. His distinction between biologically primary knowledge that we have evolved to acquire and biologically secondary knowledge that is culturally important, taught in educational institutions and which we have not evolved…
Descriptors: Educational Psychology, Evolution, Instruction, Discovery Learning
Freeman, John H.; Campolattaro, Matthew M. – Learning & Memory, 2008
Two experiments examined the neural mechanisms underlying the ontogenetic emergence of auditory eyeblink conditioning. Previous studies found that the medial auditory thalamus is necessary for eyeblink conditioning with an auditory conditioned stimulus (CS) in adult rats. In experiment 1, stimulation of the medial auditory thalamus was used as a…
Descriptors: Animals, Auditory Stimuli, Conditioning, Children
Kimura, Ryoichi; Silva, Alcino J.; Ohno, Masuo – Learning & Memory, 2008
Accumulating evidence indicates the key role of [alpha]-calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II ([alpha]CaMKII) in synaptic plasticity and learning, but it remains unclear how this kinase participates in the processing of memory extinction. Here, we investigated the mechanism by which [alpha]CaMKII may mediate extinction by using…
Descriptors: Intervals, Memory, Brain, Fear
Pinhas, Michal; Fischer, Martin H. – Cognition, 2008
McCrink (McCrink, Dehaene, & Dehaene-Lambertz (2007). "Moving along the number line: Operational momentum in nonsymbolic arithmetic." "Perception and Psychophysics," 69(8), 1324-1333) documented an "Operational Momentum" (OM) effect--overestimation of addition and underestimation of subtraction outcomes in non-symbolic (dot pattern) arithmetic. We…
Descriptors: Number Concepts, Subtraction, Mathematics Instruction, Cognitive Processes
Kaschak, Michael P.; Borreggine, Kristin L. – Journal of Memory and Language, 2008
Several recent papers have reported long-term structural priming effects in experiments where previous patterns of experience with the double object and prepositional object constructions are shown to affect later patterns of language production for those constructions. The experiments reported in this paper address the extent to which these…
Descriptors: Language Patterns, Verbs, Language Processing, Experiments
Wang, Su-hua; Baillargeon, Renee – Cognitive Psychology, 2008
As they observe or produce events, infants identify variables that help them predict outcomes in each category of events. How do infants identify a new variable? An explanation-based learning (EBL) account suggests three essential steps: (1) observing contrastive outcomes relevant to the variable; (2) discovering the conditions associated with…
Descriptors: Infants, Cognitive Processes, Prediction, Learning Processes
Hoffrage, Ulrich; Garcia-Retamero, Rocio; Czienskowski, Uwe – Psychological Record, 2008
Take-the-best (TTB) is a fast and frugal heuristic for paired comparison that has been proposed as a model of bounded rationality. This heuristic has been criticized for not taking compound cues into account to predict a criterion, although such an approach is sometimes required to make accurate predictions. By means of computer simulations, it is…
Descriptors: Cues, Heuristics, Prediction, Cognitive Processes
Costa, Albert; Pickering, Martin; Sorace, Antonella – Language and Cognitive Processes, 2008
This paper considers the nature of second language dialogues, involving at least one non-native (L2) speaker. We assume that dialogue is characterised by a process in which interlocutors develop similar mental states to each other (Pickering & Garrod, 2004). We first consider various means in which interlocutors align their mental states, and…
Descriptors: Second Language Learning, Cognitive Processes, Dialogs (Language), Native Speakers
