The situation of nonrandomly missing data has theoretically different implications for item parameter estimation depending on whether joint maximum likelihood or marginal maximum likelihood methods are used in the estimation. The objective of this paper is to illustrate what potentially can happen, under these estimation procedures, when there is…

In a LISREL-IV analysis, a method of specifying a priori the variances of the latent variables for interpretability is demonstrated. The potential confusion of the metric of the latent variables is discussed, since many of the parameter estimates are a function of the metric. (Author/CM)

Simple modifications of principal component methods are described that have distinct advantages for structural analysis of relations among educational and psychological variables. The methods are contrasted theoretically and empirically with conventional principal component methods and with maximum likelihood factor analysis. (Author/GK)

Modern statistics are considered as a branch of psychometrics and the question of how the central problems of statistics can be resolved using psychometric methods is investigated. Methods developed in the fields of test theory, scaling, and factor analysis are related to principle problems of modern statistical theory and method. (Author/JKS)

Simple noniterative estimators of the polyserial correlation coefficient are developed by exploiting a general relationship between the polyserial correlation and the point polyserial correlation to give extensions of the biserial estimators of K. Pearson (1909), H. E. Brogden (1949), and F. M. Lord (1963) to the multicategory setting. (SLD)

An Expectation-Maximization (EM) algorithm in a maximum likelihood framework is developed to estimate finite mixtures of multivariate regression and simultaneous equation models with multiple endogenous variables. A dataset with cross-sectional observations for a diverse sample of businesses illustrates the semiparametric approach. (SLD)

Reexamined the nature of structural equation modeling (SEM) estimates of autoregressive moving average (ARMA) models, replicated the simulation experiments of P. Molenaar, and examined the behavior of the log-likelihood ratio test. Simulation studies indicate that estimates of ARMA parameters observed with SEM software are identical to those…

Investigated the data demands associated with the marginal maximum likelihood (MML) expected a posterior (EAP) methodology and the precision of the resulting parameter estimates when data fit the underlying model through simulation. Also studied the extent to which a misspecified prior distribution would affect the item and person parameter…

Developed diagnostic measures to identify observations in Thurstonian models for ranking data that unduly influence parameter estimates obtained by the partition maximum likelihood approach of W. Chan and P. Bender (1998). (SLD)

Simulated items from two test forms using joint maximum likelihood estimation (JMLE) and marginal maximum likelihood estimation (MML) in the vertical equating situation (using an anchor test) when data were nonrandomly missing. Under MML, when the different ability parameters of students were not taken into account, the item difficulty parameters…

Reviews methods for handling missing data in a research study. Model-based methods, such as maximum likelihood using the EM algorithm and multiple imputation, hold more promise than ad hoc methods. Although model-based methods require more specialized computer programs and assumptions about the nature of missing data, these methods are appropriate…

Presents a simple result concerning variances of maximum likelihood (ML) estimators. The result allows for construction of residual diagrams to evaluate whether ML estimators derived from independent samples can be assumed to be equal apart from random errors. Applies this result to the polytomous Rasch model. (SLD)

An Extended Two-Way Euclidean Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) model that assumes both common and specific dimensions is described and contrasted with the "standard" (Two-Way) MDS model. Illustrations with both artificial and real data on the judged similarity of nations are provided. (TJH)

Proposes an estimation method for the Rasch model that is based on the pseudolikelihood theory of B. Arnold and D. Strauss (1988). Simulation results show great similarity between estimates from this method with those from conditional maximum likelihood and unconditional maximum likelihood estimates for the item parameters of the Rasch model. (SLD)

Presents a general class of ordinal logit models that specifies equality and inequality constraints on sums of conditional response probabilities. Uses maximum likelihood to estimate these models, making their assumptions testable with likelihood-ratio statistics. Illustrates the proposed models with an example using reported adult crying…